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II!  Ill 


AR01 398938 


GUIDE  TO 
NEW  YORK 


si"  Annual  Convention 

National  Association  of  Credit  Aen 

MEW  YOJLK, 


Compliments  of  the 
NEW  YORK   CREDIT   MEN'S  ASSOCIATION 


Se  e  '  j$e. 


CIVIC    FAME. 
Surmounting  the  Municipal  Building. 


BROOKLYN    BRIDGE— MANHATTAN  TOWER. 
Photo  <0  Geo.   P.  Hall  &  Son. 


NEW    YORK 

THE  METROPOLIS  OF  THE 
WESTERN  WORLD 


With   Illustrations   from    Photographs 


NEW  YORK: 
THE  FOSTER  &  REYNOLDS  CO. 


Copyright,   1901,  by   Foster  &  Reynolds. 
Revision  of  1924. 


s 

Academy  of  Music  62 
American  Surety  10 
Appellate  Court  69 
Aquarium  24 
Assay  Office  36 
Bankers'  Trust  35 
Battery  21 
Bible  House  114 
Boroughs  112 
Botanical  Garden  no 
Bowery  112 
Bowling  Green  27 
Bradford  32 
Breese  33 
Bridges  55 
Broadway  42 
Bronx  Park  no 
Bronx  River  no 
Brooklyn  116 
Castle  Garden  24 
Castle  Williams  26 
Cathedral  St.  John  103 
Cathedral  St.  Patrick  78 
Central  Park  90 
Chamber  Commerce  41 
Churches  126 
City  Hall  50 
City  Hall  Park  47 
Claremont  99 
Clearing  House  42 
Columbia  University  09 
Coney  Island  116 
Consolidated  Ex.  35 
Cooper  Union  114 
Court  House  52 
Curb  Market  35 
Custom  House  28 
De  Peyster  27 
Diana  67 

Elevated   Railways   121 
Elevators  T2 
Ellis  Island  21 
Emmett  46 
Ericsson  25 


Ind 


ex. 


Farragut  64 
Federal  Hall  36 
Fifth  Avenue  71 
Flatiron  Building  65 
Fraunces'  Tavern  115 
Garibaldi  71 
Governor's  Island  26 
Grace  Church  60 
Grand  Central  in 
Grant's  Tomb  98 
Greeley  47 
Greenwood  117 
Hack  Fares  125 
Hale  53 

Hall  of  Fame  109 
Hall  of  Records  54 
Hamilton  34 
Harlem  River  107 
High  Bridge  107 
Hispanic  Society  104 
Hotels  124 
Hudson  Terminal  17 
Hunt  Memorial  186 
Indian  Museum  106 
James  Fountain  62 
John  St.  Church  115 
Jumel  Mansion  108 
Liberty  Statue  20 
Library  76 
Little  Church  115 
McGowan's  Pass  91 
Madison  Square  63 
Madison  Sq.  Garden  67 
Maine  Memorial  92 
Metropolitan  Club  82 
MetropolitanMuseumS7 
Montgomery  44 
Mornlngside  101 
Morse  24 

Municipal  Bldg.  50 
Murray  Hill  72 
Nat.  Hist.  Museum  88 
Navy  Yard  116 
Obelisk  91 


Penn.  Terminal  in 
Piers  123 
Plaza  70 
Poe  Cottage  109 
Population  112 
Printing  House  Sq.  49 
Produce  Exchange  26 
Prospect  Park  117 
Railroads  122 
Riverside  Drive  95 
Roosevelt  House  113 
St.  Mark's  112 
St.  Paul's  44 
St.  Thomas's  80 
Schurz  Monument  101 
Sherman  Statue  83 
Singer  Bldg.  15 
Skyscrapers  9 
Soldiers  and  Sailors  80 
Standard  Oil  14 
Staten  Island  115 
Steamboats  123 
Steamships  122 
Stock  Exchange  35 
Sub-Treasury  36 
Subways  119 
Theaters  124 
Titanic  Memorial  113 
Trinity  Church  30 
Trinity  Churchyard  32 
Union  Square  62 
Van  Cortland  Park  108 
Vanderbilt  House  81 
Wall  Street  35 
Washington  Arch  71 
Washington  Rridge  108 
Washington  Square  71 
Washington  Statues  40 
Whitney  House  81 
Woolworth  Bldg  18 
Worth  Monument  66 
Zoological  Park  ttt 


FROM    THE    TOWER    OF    THE    BROOKLYN    BRIDGE. 
Photo   ©   1922,    by    Brown    Bros. 

Contents. 

New   York    Skyscrapers 9 

The  Statue  of  Liberty 20 

Battery  Park   21 

The  Produce   Exchange 26 

Bowling  Green   27 

Custom   House    28 

Trinity   Church    30 

Wall  Street  35 

Lower  Broadway  42 

St.  Paul's  Chapel 44 

City  Hall  Park 47 

New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridges 55 

Grace  Church    60 

Union  Square  62 

Madison  Square  63 

The  Appellate  Court  House 69 

Fifth   Avenue   71 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 87 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History 88 

Central  Park    90 

Riverside   Drive    95 

Grant's    Tomb 98 

Morningside  Heights   101 

Bronx  Park   in 

Here  and  There  in  New  York 1 12 

Brooklyn  117 

Ready  Reference  Guide 119 

Street  Directory   127 


TIMES    SQUARE. 
Photo   ©   1919.   by    Irving   Underbill. 


DOWNTOWN    MANHATTAN    FROM    THE    EAST    RIVER. 
Photo  ©  Brown  Bros. 

New  York  the  Metropolis. 

The  City  of  New  York  is  the  most  marvelous  exemplification 
of  those  traits  of  the  American  people  which  have  made  the 
United  States  of  to-day.  Interest  in  New  York  does  not  lie  in 
the  mere  magnitude  of  the  city,  but  is  found  rather  in  the 
boundless  enterprise,  the  bold  conception  and  the  amazing 
achievement,  which  have  reared  the  mighty  fabric  of  the 
Metropolis.  The  theme  is  one  which  might  well  challenge  the 
pen  of  him  who  would  celebrate  the  America  of  the  beginning 
of  the  Twentieth  Century. 

In  describing  New  York,  none  other  than  the  superlatives 
will  suffice.  It  is  in  area  the  largest  city  in  the  world,  and  in 
population  is  exceeded  only  by  one.  The  boroughs  are  linked 
together  with  the  greatest  of  suspension  bridges,  and  pierced 
throughout  their  length  and  breadth  by  the  most  extensive  of 
subway  systems.  Broadway  extending  from  the  Battery  north 
to  Yonkers  is  the  longest  street  in  the  world.  The  system  ot 
parks  is  the  largest  and  costliest — in  extent  and  in  the  sums 
devoted  to  maintain  them  unapproached  in  America  or  Europe. 


8  NEW    YORK. 

The  gigantic  office  buildings  of  the  business  districts  are  among 
the  modern  wonders  of  the  world ;  there  are  none  to  compare 
with  them ;  their  foundations  are  sunk  deeper  toward  the  center 
of  the  earth,  their  summits  are  uplifted  higher  toward  the 
heavens.  The  largest  steamships  afloat  make  New  York  their 
port,  and  from  the  deck  of  the  incoming  ship  the  world-traveler 
beholds  the  towering  bulk  of  Manhattan  with  amazement. 
The  superb  mansions  of  upper  Fifth  Avenue  and  Riverside 
Drive  are  among  the  most  luxurious  of  the  dwellings  of  man, 
as  these  streets  are  the  grandest  of  residential  avenues.  The 
city's  hotels  and  apartment  houses  are  peerless  in  size  and  ap- 
pointment; and  each  year  witnesses  their  development,  story 
added  to  story,  luxury  to  luxury,  magnificence  to  magnificence. 
The  building  operations  characteristic  of  the  day  are  audacious 
in  their  magnitude  and  in  the  engineering  problem  they  involve. 
Municipal  enterprises  are  unrivalled  in  scope  and  cost — the 
Catskill  Mountain  water  system,  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
$176,000,000,  and  the  subway  railroad  system  involving  an 
expenditure  of  $300,000,000,  are  likely  to  hold  the  world's 
records  for  generations  to  come,  and  then  to  be  exceeded 
only  by  some  new  and  more  daring  project  conceived  here  on 
Manhattan  Island. 

The  statistics  which  express  the  activities  of  the  Metropolis 
are  in  figures  which  are  incomprehensible.  The  Post  Office 
handles  an  average  of  10,000,000  pieces  of  mail  matter  every 
twenty-four  hours,  and  the  city  contributes  $12,000,000  an- 
nually to  the  postal  revenues.  The  surface  cars  carry  452,000,- 
000  passengers  in  a  year.  On  the  floor  of  the  New  York  Stock 
Exchange  more  than  3,000,000  shares  of  stock  have  changed 
hands  in  a  single  day.  The  banks  of  New  York  lead  the  world 
in  volume  of  clearings.  New  York  is  the  financial  center  of 
the  world. 

Great  and  surpassing  as  the  city  is,  each  year  adds  to  its 
material  greatness  and  commanding  influence.  In  the  follow- 
ing pages  are  described  some  of  the  more  conspicuous  features 
of  the  growing  and  expanding  New  York  of  the  present,  the 
Metropolis  of  America,  from  which  is  emerging  that  city  of  the 
future  which  shall  be  the  Metropolis  of  the  World. 


New   York   Skyscrapers. 

When  we  approach  New  York  by  river  or  bay,  we  see  in  the  view  ol 
the  high  buildings  of  Manhattan  Island  a  picture  which  has  no  parallel 
in  the  cities  of  the  world.  Our  first  impression  of  the  height  and 
magnitude  of  these  architectural  marvels  is  strengthened  as  we  wander 
through  the  downtown  streets  and  passing  from  one  shadowy  canon 
into  another  make  our  way  between  the  tremendous  cliffs.  The  sky- 
scrapers of  New  York  constitute  one  of  the  most  impressive  and 
interesting  features  of  the  city. 

The  high  building  is  distinctly  a  modern  and  wholly  American  crea- 
tion. It  has  grown  out  of  the  concentration  of  business  and  the  ever- 
insistent  demand  for  office  room  in  the  closely  congested  business  cen- 
ters. The  skyscraper  provides  business  opportunity  for  a  thousand, 
two  thousand,  ten  thousand,  where  without  it  there  would  be  room 
only  for  as  many  hundreds.  Two  factors  have  made  it  possible — the 
passenger  elevator  which  gives  immediate  access  to  the  upper  stories, 
and  the  steel  cage  system  of  construction  which  enables  the  architect 
to  design  his  building  to  any  desired  height.  The  steel  cage  is  a  frame- 
work of  steel  beams  bolted  together  with  hot  rivets.  In  effect  it  is  a 
bridge  set  on  end.  The  walls  are  simply  weather  shields,  fastened  to 
it.  Under  the  old  system  the  walls  supported  the  floors;  in  the  new 
buildings  the  walls  serve  merely  as  curtains  to  shut  out  the  weather, 
and  are  themselves  supported  by  girders  which  project  at  the  levels  of 
the  floors.  The  steel  frame  goes  up  first,  and  the  walls  are  put  on 
afterward;  sometimes  the  upper  stories  are  walled  in  before  the  lower 
ones.  Under  the  old  system  of  supporting  walls,  buildings  were  lim- 
ited to  eight  or  ten  stories;  the  steel  cage  goes  up  twenty  and  fifty 
stories,  and  the  architects  tell  us  that  there  are  no  mechanical  obstacles 
to  buildings  of  one  hundred  stories.  With  steel  beams  and  steel  ceil- 
ing arches,  concrete  floors  and  stone  and  metal  stairways,  the  struc- 
tures are  considered  to  be  fireproof. 

Wonderful  as  the  high  buildings  appear  to  us  as  we  see  them  tower- 
ing in  the  air,  some  of  the  greatest  engineering  achievements  in  their 
construction  are  below  the  ground,  in  the  foundations  contrived  to  sus- 
tain the  prodigious  superstructures.  The  foundations  go  down  to  bed- 
rock, in  some  instances  more  than  ioo  feet  below  the  surface.  As  the 
architect  went  to  the  bridge  engineer  to  build  his  steel  cage,  so  he  has 
adopted  the  bridge  engineer's  pneumatic  caisson  system  of  pier  sink- 
ing. The  caisson  for  high  building  foundation  work  was  first  used  in 
the  Manhattan  Life  Insurance  Building,  on  Broadway,  near  Ex- 
change Place,  in  1894.  The  weight  of  the  structure  was  calculated  at 
21,600  tons;  the  pressure  exerted  upon  the  foundation  by  the  force  of 
the  wind  acting  upon  the  sides  of  the  building  and  tending  to  overturn 

9 


10 


NEW    YORK. 


mmsmmm 


SKYSCRAPER   FOUNDATIONS 


it  was  calculated  at  2,400  tons; 
and  the  weight  of  the  furniture 
and  the  human  beings  who  would 
occupy  it  was  reckoned  at  7,000 
tons  more — making  a  total  weight 
of  3i,ooo  tons,  or  62,000,000  pounds 
to  be  carried  by  the  foundations. 
To  provide  a  foundation  that 
would  sustain  this  great  weight, 
the  architects  sunk  their  caissons 
down  to  bedrock,  55  feet  below 
the  surface.  As  each  caisson  de- 
scended, a  brick  pier  was  built  up 
on  it.  When  bedrock  was  reached 
the  rock  was  leveled  inside  the 
caisson,  and  the  chamber  was 
filled  with  concrete,  so  that  cais- 
son and  masonry  formed  one  solid 
pier  resting  on  bedrock  and  rising 
to  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
There  were  fifteen  of  these  great 
piers,  and  their  cost  was  nearly 
$150,000.  The  Manhattan  Life 
Building  has  eighteen  stories  and 
is  350  feet  in  height  from  the  side 
walk.  The  plot,  fronting  67  feet 
on  Broadway,  cost  $1,500,000,  and 
the   building  itself  $1,500,000. 

The  foundation  of  the  American 
Surety  Building,  at  Broadway 
and  Pine  street,  were  sunk  in  the 
same  way  to  bedrock  79  feet 
down.  Our  illustration,  from  the 
Scientific  American,  shows  the 
caissons  resting  on  the  bedrock, 
the  piers  on  the  caissons,  and  the 
columns  on  the  piers.  Here,  too, 
is  an  ingenious  cantilever  device, 
which  may  be  seen  in  the  right- 
hand  pier,  for  distributing  toward 
the  center  a  portion  of  the  weight 
of  the  outer  walls.  The  plot  of 
land,  85  feet  square,  cost  $1,350,- 
000;  a  portion  of  it,  that  on  the 
corner,  cost  $267.67  a  square  foot 


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THE    WOOLWORTH    BUILDING. 
Fifty-five  stories.     Height,  783H  feet.      Photo  ©  1913,  by   Irving  Underhill,   N. 


12  NEW    YORK. 

(or  at  the  rate  of  over  eleven  and  one-half  million  dollars  an  acre). 
This  was  the  record  price  for  Broadway  real  estate  until  the 
plot  on  the  south  corner  of  Broadway  and  Wall  street  was  sold  in 
1906  at  the  price  of  $576  a  square  foot.  The  American  Surety  has 
twenty-one  stories,  with  a  height  of  308  feet.  The  statues  on  the 
front  are  by  J.  Massey  Rhind.  There  is,  by  the  way,  a  curious  cir- 
cumstance in  relation  to  the  cornice,  which  at  the  height  of  308  feet 
projects  beyond  the  building  line  and  trespasses  upon  the  air  space 
which  belongs  to  the  Schermerhorn  Building  next  door.  When  the 
trespass  was  discovered,  the  Astors,  who  own  the  Schermerhorn, 
threatened  to  put  up  a  skyscraper,  which  would  of  course  cut  off  the 
south  light  and  air  of  the  American  Surety  Building;  the  matter  was 
adjusted  by  the  American  Surety  Company  taking  a  ninety-nine  years' 
lease  of  the  Schermerhorn  Building  at  $75,000  a  year. 

An  office  building  is  a  city  in  itself,  with  its  railway  in  the  elevators, 
its  water  system,  lire  extinguishing  apparatus  on  every  floor,  restaur- 
ant, shops  and  a  population  running  into  the  thousands.  The  tenant 
may  supply  his  manifold  wants  without  going  from  under  the  roof. 
He  has  at  command  telegraph,  telephone  and  messenger  service,  and 
mails  his  letters  in  the  mail  chute,  which  extends  through  all  the 
floors,  carrying  the  letters  to  the  mail  box  at  the  bottom,  where  the 
mail  is  collected  by  the  postmen.  He  may  lunch  in  the  restaurant  on 
one  floor,  take  out  a  life  insurance  policy  on  another,  cash  his  checks 
at  his  bank  on  a  third,  and  put  his  valuables  in  safe-deposit  in  the 
basement.  He  may  consult  his  physician,  his  broker  or  his  lawyer; 
visit  his  tailor,  shoeblack,  barber  and  manicurist;  and  buy  his  cigars, 
papers,  theater  tickets  and  flowers  and  a  box  of  candy  for  his  best 
girl.  In  some  buildings  each  individual  office  has  a  fireproof  safe:  in 
the  Vincent  lawyer  tenants  have  access  to  a  law  library  maintained  by 
the  building.  The  Manhattan  Life  has  an  artesian  well,  and  the 
Metropolitan  Life  draws  water  from  a  stream  which  was  once  an 
open  brook  flowing  from  Madison  Square  to  the  East  River,  and  being 
covered  up  still  flows. 

Some  of  the  halls  are  arcades,  with  telegraph  and  messenger  offices, 
news-stands,  flower  stands,  and  confectionery  counters  about  which 
the  stenographers  flock  at  noon  time  like  so  many  butterflies.  The 
hall  of  the  Empire  Building  constitutes  the  approach  from  Broadway 
to  the  Rector  street  station  of  the  elevated  railroad,  and  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  people  pass  through  it  every  day;  it  is  lined  with  shops 
and  is  a  veritable  city  street. 

The  elevators  in  the  high  buildings  are  divided  into  local  which  stop 
at  every  floor,  and  express  which  stop  only  above  certain  stories.  A 
fine  illustration  of  the  spirit  of  hurry  which  possesses  the  average 
downtown  New  Yorker  is  the  impatience  with  which  he  resents  a 
delay  of  a  five-second  elevator  stop  before  he  gets  to  hif  own  floor.   In 


NEW    YORK    SKYSCRAPERS. 


13 


THE   SURROUNDINGS    OF   TRINITY    CHURCH, 
'he  buildings  are,   left  to  right:     Trinity,   Equitable,  American   Surety,   Bankers' 


Trust,  No.   1  Wall  Street. 
Photo  ©   1915,  by    Irving   Underhil 


N.    Y. 


some  buildings  there  are  two  sets  of  elevators,  one  above  the  other, 
so  that  one  must  change  cars  to  go  to  the  top.  Automatic  brakes 
stop  the  descent  of  the  car  in  case  of  accident,  and  air  wells  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  serve  as  cushions  if  the  car  should  fall.  The  high- 
speed elevators  have  a  possible  speed  of  500  to  700  feet  per  minute, 


i4  NEW    YORK. 

and  in  practice  are  run  at  500  to  600  feet.  The  elevator  has  been 
likened  to  a  vertical  railroad;  and  when  we  come  to  think  of  it,  it  is 
quite  as  much  an  achievement  of  mechanical  skill  to  take  us  straight 
up  smoothly  and  safely  forty  stories  in  forty  seconds  as  it  is  to  carry 
us  over  the  rails  at  express  train  speed.  The  highest  development  of 
the  elevator  is  the  electric,  which  is  worked  by  electric  motive  power 
and  is  controlled  from  the  car  entirely  by  electricity. 

In  the  cellars  and  subcellars  are  the  electric  light,  water  and  steam 
heating  plants,  and  the  machinery  which  runs  the  elevators — an  aston- 
ishing and  bewildering  maze  of  furnaces,  boilers,  steam  engines,  dyna- 
mos, pumps,  pipes  and  tanks.  Under  direction  of  the  superintendent 
of  the  building  is  a  host  of  employes — uniformed  police,  elevator  con- 
ductors, engineers,  sweepers,  scrub  women  and  window  cleaners.  The 
men  who  clean  windows  hundreds  of  feet  in  the  air  wear  belts  with 
straps  fastened  to  hooks  on  the  outside  of  the  window,  so  that  if  one 
should  lose  his  footing  on  the  window  sill  he  could  not  fall.  An  in- 
teresting illustration  of  the  specialization  of  industries  in  a  great  city 
is  offered  by  the  towel  supply  concerns,  which  make  a  business  of 
supplying  offices  with  clean  towels,  soap  and  other  accessories. 

The  Standard  Oil  Building,  No.  26  Broadway,  is  remarkable  for  an 
engineering  expedient  for  the  support  of  the  upper  stories.  The  old 
building  had  nine  stories,  and  when  the  addition  of  six  new  floors  was 
contemplated  it  was  found  that  the  walls  would  not  sustain  the  in- 
creased weight.  Accordingly  the  lot  adjoining  on  the  north  was 
acquired,  and  on  this  was  erected  a  steel  cage  building  with  a  can- 
tilever projecting  out  over  the  old  building,  and  of  sufficient  strength 
to  sustain  the  weight  of  the  new  floors.  The  six  upper  stories,  then, 
which  appear  to  be  a  part  of  the  old  building  and  to  rest  upon  its 
walls,  are  really,  so  far  as  support  is  concerned,  quite  independent  of 
it.  The  steel  cage  construction  has  been  likened  to  a  bridge;  here  we 
have  a  Broadway  office  building  which  is  in  effect  a  cantilever  bridge. 
At  the  present  writing  (1922)  the  Standard  building  is  in  process  of 
enlargement  of  area  and  of  height  to  thirty-one  stories. 

The  construction  of  the  $2,500,000  annex  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insur- 
ance Company's  Building,  at  Liberty,  Nassau  and  Cedar  streets,  in 
volved  among  other  engineering  feats  the  underpinning  of  an  18-story 
building  adjoining,  in  which  were  a  safe-deposit  company's  safes  and 
vaults,  the  working  of  the  locks  of  which  would  have  been  stopped 
by  a  settlement  of  the  sixteenth  of  an  inch.  The  caissons  of  the 
annex  rest  on  bedrock  100  feet  below  the  surface.  The  cellar  floor  is 
55  feet  below  the  sidewalk,  and  35  feet  below  the  line  of  standing 
water. 

The  Equitable  Building,  occupying  the  block  bounded  by  Broad- 
way, Cedar,  Nassau  and  Pine  streets,  is  the  largest  office  building  in 
the  world.     It  is  545   feet  in   height   above   grade,    has   forty   stories 


NEW   YORK  SKYSCRAPERS.  15 

above  ground  and  three  below,  with  a  renting  area  of  1,200,000  square 
feet,  which,  if  spread  out  on  the  level,  would  cover  a  27-acre  farm. 
There  are  2,300  offices,  with  room  for  15,000  people;  and  there  are 
61  elevators  to  carry  the  50,000  people  who  travel  in  them  in  a 
business  day. 

The  Singer  Building,  at  Broadway  and  Liberty  street,  is  forty-seven 
stories  above  the  sidewalk,  with  pinnacle  612  feet  in  air.  At  night 
from  the  roof  of  the  main  building  searchlights  are  directed 
against  the  facades  of  the  tower,  making  it  visible  in  bold  relief  for 
over  twenty  miles.  The  lantern  crowning  the  tower  contains  a  power- 
ful searchlight,  the  rays  of  which  may  be  seen  from  a  distance  of 
sixty  to  seventy-five  miles.  The  Singer  Building  is  a  house  founded 
on  a  rock.  The  weight  of  the  vast  structure,  which  is  90,000  tons,  is 
supported  upon  caissons  of  solid  concrete,  resting  on  the  bedrock,  02 
feet  below  the  curb.  A  novel  feature  of  the  construction  is  the  pro- 
vision of  a  system  of  "wind  anchors,"  to  withstand  the  tremendous 
wind  pressure  to  which  the  building  is  subjected  during  a  gale.  As- 
suming a  wind  pressure  of  30  pounds  per  square  foot,  distributed 
uniformly  over  the  face  of  the  building,  the  engineers  calculated  the 
total  overturning  moment  of  the  wind  to  be  128,000  foot-tons,  a  force 
which  would  give  the  building  a  tendency  to  lift  on  the  windward 
side.  To  provide  against  this  lift,  a  set  of  big  steel  rods  was  devised, 
running  down  fifty  feet  into  the  concrete  piers  on  which  the  building 
rests,  and  thus  securely  anchoring  it  to  the  foundation. 

Adjoining  the  Singer  Building  is  the  City  Investing  Building,  thirty 
stories  in  height,  with  roof  418  feet  above  the  curb,  and  caisson  foun- 
dations 80  feet  below  the  surface.  The  amount  invested  in  land  and 
building  exceeds  $10,000,000. 

The  20-story  Empire  Building,  293  feet  in  height,  overlooking 
Trinity  Churchyard,  is  the  $5,000,000  home  of  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation. 

The  Trinity  Building  (310  feet  in  height),  overlooking  Trinity 
Churchyard,  has  the  advantage  of  a  position  which  gives  the  vast 
Gothic  fagade  peculiar  impressiveness.  Adjoining  is  the  United 
States  Realty  Building  (300  feet),  a  twin  structure.  Each  building 
is  of  twenty-one  stories,  and  the  combined  floor  space  is  552,873  square 
feet,  an  area  which,  if  one  floor,  would  cover  seven  blocks  the  size  of 
the  Madison  Square  Garden.  The  foundation  caissons  rest  on  bedrock 
80  feet  below  the  sidewalk.  The  two  buildings  with  the  land  cost 
fifteen  million  dollars. 

Xo.  1  Wall  Street,  the  eighteen-story  office  building,  on  the  south- 
east corner  of  Wall  street  and  Broadway,  stands  on  a  plot  30x30  feet, 
which  was  bought  in  1006  for  $654,456,  or  $576  per  square  foot,  or  $4 
per  square  inch.  The  first  floor  and  basement,  28x28  feet,  rent  for 
$40,000  a  year. 


i6 


NEW    YORK. 


Woolworth. 


Fark  Row.      Western  Union 
Hudson  Terminal. 


Cny  Investing.  West  St.       Equitabl 

Singer. 

THE   SKYLINE   OF 


Photo  ©  1923,  by  ] 


The  Exchange  Building,  36  to  42  Broadway,  one  of  the  largest  in 
the  city,  is  of  twenty  stories,  fronts  116  feet  on  Broadway  and  115  on 
New  street,  and  has  350,000  square  feet  of  rental  space.  The  cost,  in- 
cluding site,  was  $5,000,000.  Another  building  of  immense  proportions 
is  the  twenty-two-story  $3,500,000  home  of  the  Bank  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  at  Exchange  Place  and  William  street.  Adjoining  it  is  the 
eighteen-story  building  of  the  Atlantic  Mutual  Insurance  Company. 
The  Hanover  Bank  Building,  at  Nassau  and  Pine  streets,  of  twenty- 
three  stories,  380  feet,  is  architecturally  one  of  the  most  pretentious 
of  the  office  buildings.  The  upper  part  is  decorated  with  a  series  of 
Greek  columns  surrounded  with  an  elaborate  cornice,  and  the  rounded 
edges  give  it  the  effect  of  a  campanile.  The  intersection  of  Nassau 
and  Pine  streets  is  a  banking  and  insurance  center,  and  the  land  is 
extremely  valuable;  the  Hanover  Bank  site  cost  $223.39  a  square  foot, 
and  the  northwest  corner  opposite  was  bought  by  the  Equitable  in 
189/i  for  $250  a  square  foot. 

The  Park  Row  Building,  on  Park  Row,  facing  the  Post-Office,  has 
thirty-one  stories,  with  a  height  from  sidewalk  to  cornice  of  336  feet; 
to  top  of  towers  300  feet;  to  top  of  flagstaff  447  feet;  depth  of  founda- 


NEW    YORK   SKYSCRAPERS. 


17 


Bankers'  Trust.        U.  S.  Express.  Standard  Oil.  Bowling  Green. 

Surety         Manhattan  Life.  (Junard. 

ER   MANHATTAN. 
Underhill,  N.  Y. 

tion  below  street  line,  75  feet;  total  height  from  foundation  to  flagstaff 
truck,  552  feet.  The  weight  of  20,000  tons,  or  40,000,000  pounds,  is  car- 
ried on  4,000  piles  driven  into  the  sand  40  feet  down  to  bedrock.  The 
cost  of  building  and  land  was  $4,000,000.  The  Park  Row  owners  tell 
us  that  the  building  stands  so  firm  that  in  the  highest  gales  a  plumb 
line  test  fails  to  show  the  slightest  tremor  of  the  structure.  All  the 
skyscrapers  are  braced  to  withstand  wind  pressures;  in  some  of  them 
vibration  is  perceptible  in  a  storm,  but  as  with  bridges,  this  is  not 
regarded  as  an  indication  of  weakness.  A  pendulum  clock  at  the  top 
floor  of  the  American  Surety  has  been  stopped  by  the  vibration  of 
the  building  in  a  storm;  and  the  vibration  of  the  top  floors  in  a  twenty- 
story  building  has  been  sufficient  to  move  the  water  in  a  bowl. 

The  Hudson  Terminal  Building,  on  Church  street,  between  Fulton 
and  Cortland,  is  the  terminal  of  the  Hudson  River  tunnels  to  Jersey 
City,  and  the  nucleus  of  all  the  underground  railway  systems  that  con- 
verge under  lower  Manhattan.  The  twenty-two  stories  have  4,000 
offices,  with  an  estimated  population  of  10,000.  The  building  occupies 
70,000  square  feet  of  ground.  The  cubic  areas  are  14,500,000  cubic  feet 
above  ground,  3,650,000  cubic  feet  below  ground,  or  a  total  of  18,150,000 


18  NEW    YORK. 

cubic  feet.  Here  are  some  of  the  official  figures  that  give  an  idea  of 
the  amount  of  material  necessary  in  the  construction.  To  build  the 
walls  above  the  curb  16,300,000  bricks  were  necessary;  there  are  1,300,- 
000  square  feet  of  tile  partitions,  5,200  doors,  5,000  windows,  and  a  total 
glass  area  of  120,000  square  feet;  500,000  square  yards  of  plastering,  16 
miles  of  plumbing  pipe,  29  miles  of  steam  pipe,  56  miles  of  woodbase, 
65  miles  of  picture  moulding,  95  miles  of  conduits,  113  miles  of  electric 
wiring,  and  30,000  electric  lights.  Special  features  of  the  building  are 
perhaps  the  largest  electric  storage  battery  in  the  world,  and  an 
arcade  which  is  a  great  glass-inclosed  passageway,  lined  with  shops 
and  booths.    It  is  larger  than  any  of  the  famous  European  arcades. 

The  greatest  achievement  in  New  York  skyscrapers  is  the  Wool- 
worth  Building,  which  occupies  the  entire  block  front  on  Broadway 
from  Park  Place  to  Barclay  street.  It  has  fifty-five  stories  and  rises 
to  a  height  of  793^  feet  above  the  Barclay  street  entrance.  It  is  the 
highest  inhabited  building  in  the  world.  It  is  the  outstanding  archi- 
tectural adornment  of  New  York — unrivalled  for  beauty  of  design, 
impressive  dignity  of  height,  and  artistic  combination  of  colors.  One 
should  visit  the  entrance  hall  to  see  the  beauty  of  the  interior.  The 
view  from  the  observation  gallery  at  the  pinnacle  of  the  tower  gives 
one  a  conception  to  be  had  in  no  other  way  of  the  city's  plan  and 
magnitude.  The  Woolworth  Building  stands  as  a  memorial  to  the 
late  Frank  W.  Woolworth,  who  may  be  said  to  have  built  it  out  oi 
five  and  ten  cent  pieces.  Mr.  Woolworth  occupied  an  apartment  on 
the  fortieth  floor,  700  feet  above  Broadway,  the  loftiest  home  01. 
Manhattan  Island. 

The  Cunard  Building,  at  No.  25  Broadway,  has  an  imposing  front 
of  twenty-two  stories.  A  striking  adornment  is  the  group  of  marine 
horses  on  the  setback  of  the  nineteenth  floor;  the  huge  stone  figures 
weigh  nine  tons  each.  The  feature  of  the  interior  is  the  entrance 
hall,  an  apartment  sixty-eight  feet  in  the  clear,  with  mural  decorations 
significant  of  its  commercial  character  as  the  home  of  the  Cunard 
and  Anchor  Lines.  There  are  the  seals  of  English  shipping  towns, 
mythological  marine  figures,  bas-reliefs  portraying  the  four  winds 
and  the  four  seasons,  and  other  sea  symbolism.  In  the  four  penden- 
tives  of  the  dome  are  representations  of  the  vessels  of  Leif  Ericsson, 
Columbus.  Cabot,  and  Drake;  and  in  the  panels  of  the  walls  are  n:.:ps 
of   the   cont'nents. 

A  curious  effect  of  the  skyscraper  is  the  influence  the  mass  of  steel 
in  their  frames  has  on  the  compasses  of  the  shipping  in  the  harbor 
Commanders  of  steamers  at  Hoboken  say  their  compasses  show  a  dif- 
ference of  as  much  as  seven  degrees  in  leaving  their  docks,  which 
lessens  as  they  get  down  the  Bay,  but  some  pilots  assert  that  the 
variation  is  notable  as  far  out  as  the  turn  in  the  Gedney  Channel. 


THE    STATUE    OF    LIBERTY. 
Photo  O  Irving  UnderhilL 


The   Statue   of    Liberty. 

The  Statue  of  Liberty  Enlightening  the  World  is  on  Bedloe's 
Island,  in  the  Upper  Bay,  i%  miles  from  the  Battery.  It  is  reached  by 
steamboat,  which  leaves  the  Battery  hourly,  on  the  hour,  and  returns 
on  the  half-hour,  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  One  may  obtain  a  satisfac- 
tory view  of  the  exterior  and  return  on  the  same  boat,  time  from  Bat- 
tery and  return  three-quarters  of  an  hour;  if  the  ascent  of  the  Statue 
is  to  be  made,  allow  an  hour  and  three-quarters. 

The  statue  is  the  work  of  the  eminent  French  sculptor,  Auguste 
Bartholdi,  who  in  1865  conceived  the  idea  of  a  fitting  memorial  to  be 
given  by  the  French  people  to  the  United  States  in  commemoration 
of  the  long-established  good  will  between  the  two  nations.  Coming 
to  America  upon  this  mission,  Bartholdi  was  impressed  by  the  eager- 
ness with  which  the  emigrants  crowded  to  the  rail  to  gaze  upon  the 
shores  as  the  ship  came  up  the  bay,  and  his  artist's  eye  recognized  in 
Bedloe's  Island  the  ideal  site  for  the  projected  statue.  Here,  at  the 
threshold  of  America,  Liberty  should  meet  the  expectant  gaze  of  the 
newcomers,  and  uplift  her  lighted  torch  before  them  as  an  emblem  of 
freedom  and  opportunity  in  the  new  world.  The  situation  was  well 
chosen.  The  colossal  figure  is  an  imposing  object  as  seen  not  only 
from  steamships  coming  up  the  harbor,  but  from  ferryboat  and  bridge 
and  rivers  and  the  encircling  cities  and  hills  and  plains  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey.     The  work  of  erection  was  completed  in  1886. 

The  statue  is  justly  admired  for  its  majestic  proportions  and  the 
benevolent  calm  of  the  countenance.  It  is  said  that  Bartholdi  modeled 
the  figure  from  his  mother.  The  tablet  bears  the  date  "July  4,  1776," 
The  statue  consists  of  a  shell  of  repousse  copper  (sheets  of  copper 
hammered  into  shape),  riveted  together  and  supported  by  an  interior 
skeleton  of  iron,  which  was  designed  by  the  French  engineer  Eiffel, 
who  built  the  Eiffel  Tower.  Provision  is  made  for  the  expansion  and 
contraction  caused  by  variations  of  heat  and  cold;  and  an  asbestos 
packing  is  employed  to  insulate  the  copper  from  the  iron  and  prevent 
the  corrosion  which  would  otherwise  be  caused  by  the  action  of 
electricity  induced  by  the  salt  air.  Holding  her  flaming  torch  305  feet 
in  air,  Liberty  is  the  greatest  colossus  in  the  world,  and  the  pedestal 
rests  securely  upon  a  foundation  which  is  a  monolith  of  concrete  re- 
puted   to    be    the    largest   artificial    single    stone    in    existence.     The 

dimensions  are  : 

Ft.  In.  Ft.  In. 

Height  from  base  to  torch 151  1  Right   irm,    greatest    thickness..  12  0 

Foundation  of  pedestal  to  torch. 806  6               Thickness  of  waist 86  0 

Heel  to  top  of  head Ill  6               Width  of  mouth   8  0 

Length  of  hand   16  6               Tablet,  length    23  7 

Index   finger   8  0               Tablet,  thickness   2  0 

Circumference  at  second  joint...     7  6               Height  of  pedestal    89  0 

Size   of   finger   nail 18x10                           Square  sides  at  base,  each  62  0 

Head  from  chin  to  cranium 17  8               Square  sides  at  top,  each 40  0 

Head  thickness  from  ear  to  ear..  10  0  Grecian   columns,    above   base...  72  8 

Distance  across  the  eye 2  6               Height  of  foundation   06  0 

Length  of  nose  4  6                Square  sides    at    bottom PI  0 

Right  arm.  lcnrtb  48  0               Square  fides  at   top    06  7 


Battery    Park. 


Battery  Park  forms  the  southern  termination  of  Manhattan  Island. 
It  is  reached  by  all  the  elevated  roads  and  by  the  Broadway,  Sixth 
avenue  and  Eighth  avenue  lines,  and  by  the  Subways. 

The  distinguishing  feature  of  the  Battery  is  the  sea  wall  along  the 
water  front,  which  affords  an  admirable  view  of  New  York  Harbor. 
Here  the  North  (or  Hudson)  and  East  rivers  join  their  currents,  and 
the  outlook  is  south  over  the  Upper  Bay.  On  the  right  across  the 
North  River  is  Jersey  City,  with  the  New  Jersey  shore  stretching 
away  to  where  the  Standard  Oil  refineries  send  up  their  perpetual 
columns  of  smoke.  In  the  middle  distance,  five  miles  away,  rise  the 
wooded  slopes  of  Staten  Island.  Near  at  hand,  on  the  left,  is  Gov- 
ernor's Island,  and  on  the  extreme  left,  across  the  East  River,  is 
Brooklyn  with  its  warehouses  and  church  steeples.  The  Narrows, 
seven  miles  distant,  are  in  line  with  Governor's  Island,  which  shuts 
off  the  view  of  them. 

The  Statue  of  Liberty,  on  Liberty  Island,  is  a  conspicuous  object. 
To  the  right  of  it  on  Ellis  Island  are  the  large  buildings  of  the  Immi- 
gration Depot.  The  fort  on  the  point  of  Governor's  Island  is  Castle 
Williams.  If  our  visit  is  so  timed,  we  may  see  the  flash  of  its  sunset 
gun,  followed  by  the  kindling  of  Liberty's  torch  and  the  blink  of  the 
revolving  light  on  Robbins  Reef,  off  Staten  Island.  But  at  whatever 
hour  we  stand  here,  the  scene  is  one  of  interest.  Nowhere  else  in  New 
York  may  we  have  such  a  diversified  and  animated  marine  picture. 
There  are  gigantic  European  steamships  moving  majestically  to  their 
piers,  coastwise  steamers  and  Sound  boats,  excursion  boats — if  it  be 
summer — with  picnic  barges  and  floating  hospitals;  ferryboats,  light- 
ers, freight  car  floats,  long  tows  of  canal  boats  bound  up  the  Hudson, 
grotesque  floating  derricks  and  grain  elevators,  noisy  tugs  with  tows 
and  noisier  ones  without,  revenue  cutters,  smart  steam  yachts  and 
perhaps  a  war  vessel,  with  sailing  craft  and  naphtha  launches — all 
these  coming  and  going  and  forming  a  marine  medley,  with  kaleido- 
scopic effects,  ever  full  of  motion,  forever  changing,  and  a  scene  to 
stir  the  imagination.  Here  we  are  looking  upon  one  of  the  most  mag- 
nificent harbors  in  the  world,  whose  sunsets  challenge  the  artist's 
brush,  and  whose  activities  are  significant  of  New  York's  commercial 
supremacy  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 

Telling  the  same  story  beyond  the  Park  rises  the  prodigious  mass 
of  the  skyscrapers,  with  Broadway  opening  as  a  narrow  cleft  to  the 
north. 

At  the  east  of  the  Battery  is  the  granite  building  of  the  Barge  Office, 
through  which  enter  the  immigrants  from  the  Ellis  Island  station. 
Near  the  east  end  of  the  sea  wall  are  the  landings  of  the  Liberty 
Statue  ferry  boat,  the  sight-seeing  yachts  and  the  summer  excursion 

21 


22  NEW    YORK. 

steamboats.  The  little  boat  basin  is  for  the  use  of  the  Whitehall  and 
Battery  boatmen  who  furnish  communication  with  the  shipping  in  the 
harbor.  The  city  provided  this  basin  for  the  boatmen  in  recognition 
of  their  heroic  conduct  at  the  time  (July  30,  1871)  when  the  Staten 
Island  ferryboat  Westfield  blew  up  as  she  lay  in  her  slip.  Some  of 
these  Battery  boatmen  hold  records  as  life-savers,  having  rescued 
numerous  persons  from  drowning  off  the  sea  wall. 

On  the  west  wall  of  the  Barge  Office  is  a  bronze  tablet  to  the 
memory  of  the  men  of  the  U.  S.  S.  President  Lincoln,  sunk  by  a 
German  submarine,  May  31,  1918. 

Near  the  Barge  Office  is  a  cannon  which  was  exhumed  on  the  site 
of  No.  55  Broadway,  on  the  line  of  a  highway  which  in  the  old  days 
(1695-1783)   led  to  the  fortification  called  Oyster  Pasty. 

Near  the  Barge  Office  is  the  memorial  fountain  in  commemoration 
of  the  heroism  of  American  wireless  operators  who  went  down  with 
their  ships.  Carved  on  the  granite  cenotaph  shaft  are  the  names, 
each  one  standing  for  a  heroic  death:  Jack  Phillips,  SS.  Titanic. 
Ferdinand  J.  Kuehn,  SS.  Monroe.  Walter  E.  Reker,  SS.  Admiral 
Sampson.  Francis  J.  Doherty,  SS.  City  of  Athens.  Lawrence  Prud- 
hunt,  SS.  Rosecrans.  Clifton  J.  Fleming  and  Harry  F.  Otto,  SS. 
Francis  H.  Leggett.  Russel  A.  Williams,  SS.  Motano.  James  J. 
Curran,  SS.  Moreno.  Stephen  F.  Sczepanek,  Pere  Marquette  Car 
Ferry.  Donald  C.  Perkins,  SS.  State  of  California.  George  A. 
Geare,  Bark  Manga  Reva.  Boris  M.  Dutko,  SS.  Brindilla.  George  C. 
Eccles,  SS.  Ohio.  Adolph  J.  Svenson,  SS.  Hanalei.  Lawrence  B. 
Robinson,  SS.  Macona.     Emil  H.  Hulsemann,  SS.  Cubabist. 

Near  the  high  flagstaff  in  the  Park  a  tablet  marks  the  spot  where 
stood  the  famous  Revolutionary  liberty  pole.  When  the  British 
evacuated  the  city  in  1783,  they  left  their  flag  flying  from  this  pole, 
which  they  had  greased  to  prevent  climbing  it.  But  an  American 
soldier,  David  Van  Arsdale,  achieved  the  feat,  climbed  the  pole,  tore 
down  the  British  banner  and  raised  the  American  flag  in  its  place. 
From  that  time  to  this,  annually  at  dawn  of  Evacuation  Day,  Nov.  25, 
some  descendant  of  Van  Arsdale  has  hoisted  the  colors  here  on  the 
Battery  staff.  The  lower  part  of  the  flagstaff  was  the  lower  mast  of 
the  America  Cup  defender  Constitution.  The  flag  was  given  by  the 
Battery  boatmen. 

Here  in  Battery  Park  we  find  one  of  the  uncounted  war  memorials — 
tributes  to  the  soldier  dead,  which  now  have  place  in  all  the  cities  of 
the  land  and  in  the  little  towns  as  well.  There  are  many  in  New 
York.  This  one  was  dedicated  in  1920  by  the  citizens  of  the  lower 
East  Side  of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan:  "In  memory  of  the  brave 
sons  of  the  lower  East  Side  of  old  New  York  who  gave  their  lives 
in  the  World  War  in  answer  to  the  call  of  their  country."  On  the 
bronze  are  lettered  seventy-six  names. 


§1 

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24  NEW    YORK. 

The  Aquarium,  near  the  sea  wall  in  the  southwest  of  the  Park,  is 
open  daily  from  9  to  5,  admission  free.  It  contains  large  collections 
of  fishes  and  marine  life.  The  large  floor  tanks  are  devoted 
to  seals,  sea  lions,  sturgeon  and  other  large  species;  and 
the  one  hundred  wall  tanks  contain  fresh  and  salt  water  fishes. 
The  most  striking  exhibits  are  of  Bermuda  angelfish,  parrot- 
fish,  inoonfish  and  other  brilliantly  colored  species.  The  bal- 
anced aquaria  tanks  on  the  second  floor  should  not  be  overlooked. 
There  are  shown  in  all  some  3,000  living  specimens.  The  daily  supply 
of  300,000  gallons  of  salt  water  is  furnished  from  a  tidal  well  beneath 
the  building,  and  there  are  heating  and  refrigerating  plants  to  control 
the  temperature  of  fresh  and  salt  water.  The  Aquarium  is  maintained 
by  the  city.  It  has  an  average  of  over  5,000  visitors  daily  and  10,000 
on  Sundays. 

Castle  Garden. — The  circular  building  of  the  Aquarium  was  origin- 
ally Castle  Clinton,  a  fort  built  for  the  defense  of  the  city  against  the 
British  in  the  War  of  1812;  and  the  spot  where  it  stands  was  then  an 
island  200  feet  from  the  shore.  When  in  1822  Congress  ceded  the  prop- 
erty to  the  city,  it  was  converted  into  a  place  of  amusement  and  was 
named  Castle  Garden.  It  became  the  home  of  opera  and  was  a  place 
for  great  public  gatherings.  Here  on  Lafayette's  return  to  America 
in  1824,  six  thousand  persons  assembled  to  greet  him;  and  among  the 
others  who  from  time  to  time  were  given  public  receptions  here  were 
Louis  Kossuth,  Presidents  Jackson  and  Tyler  and  Van  Buren,  and  the 
Prince  of  Wales.  Here  in  1835  S.  F.  B.  Morse,  the  inventor  of  the 
telegraph,  publicly  demonstrated  by  means  of  a  wire  coiled  about  the 
interior  of  the  Garden,  the  practicability  of  controlling  the  electric 
current.  Here  in  1850  Jenny  Lind,  the  Swedish  singer,  made  her 
American  debut,  under  the  management  of  P.  T.  Barnum,  her  half  of 
the  profits  of  the  first  concert  being  $12,500,  which  she  donated  to  the 
charities  of  New  York.  From  1855  to  1800  Castle  Garden  was  an  im- 
migrant bureau,  through  whose  portals  millions  of  immigrants  entered 
America.    The  building  was  opened  as  an  aquarium  in  1896. 

Near  the  Aquarium  is  the  station  of  the  fireboat  "New  Yorker," 
which  may  be  seen  at  her  dock.  The  city  has  ten  of  these  boats. 
They  are  equipped  with  powerful  machinery  and  are  of  tremendous 
hose  capacity.  Their  mission  is  to  quell  fires  in  the  shipping  and  on 
the  water  front.  Steam  is  always  kept  up,  and  everything  is  in  readi- 
ness for  instant  response  to  the  alarm  which  comes  over  the  wire  or  is 
given  by  rapid,  short  blasts  of  a  steamer's  whistle.  When  the  "New 
Yorker's"  siren  answers  the  call  and  the  boat  starts  away,  it  is  some- 
thing to  stir  the  blood  even  of  one  to  whom  a  fire  engine  dashing 
through  city  streets  is  an  old  story.  Just  beyond  the  Battery,  Pier  A 
is  the  headquarters  of  the  Harbor  Police,  with  their  fast  steamers 
and  patrol  launches.    The  clock  on  the  tower  on  the  end  of  Pier  A, 


BATTERY  PARK. 


25 


WIRELESS   OPERATORS     MEMORIAL. 


which  strikes  ship's  time  on  a  bell  heard  as  far  away  as  Bedloe's 
Island,  was  given  by  Daniel  G.  Reid  as  a  memorial  of  American 
soldiers  and  sailors  who  died  in  the  war. 

The  Battery  affords  an  appropriate  site  for  the  statue  of  the  famous 
marine  engineer,  John  Ericsson.  It  is  of  bronze,  life  size,  by  Hartley, 
and  was  erected  by  the  city,  "to  the  memory  of  a  citizen  whose  genius 
has  contributed  to  the  greatness  of  the  Republic  and  to  the  progress 
of  the  world."  John  Ericsson  (born  in  Sweden,  1803,  died  in  New 
York,  1889)  invented  the  screw  or  propeller  as  applied  to  steam  navi- 
gation, 1836-41.  In  1863  he  designed  the  turreted  ironclad  "Monitor," 
which  met  the  Confederate  ram  "Merrimac"  in  Hampton  Roads,  Va., 
March  9,  1863,  and  by  its  successful  performance  revolutionized  naval 
warfare.  The  "Monitor"  is  represented  in  one  of  the  panels  of  the 
pedestal. 

In  the  Park  is  a  statue  of  the  Italian  navigator  Giovanni  da  Ver- 
razano,  who  was  here  in  1524,  eighty-five  years  before  Hudson  gave 
his  name  to  the  river. 

The  Battery  took  its  name  from  a  battery  which  was  erected  here  in 
1693  >"  anticipation  of  the  coming  of  a  French  fleet,  Great  Britain  and 
France  being  then  at  war.     The   Park  was  a  favorite  promenade  in 


26  NEW    YORK. 

Colonial  days.  At  that  period  and  long  afterward  the  vicinity  was  the 
center  of  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  New  York;  and  stately  homes 
fronted  the  Park  on  the  north.  One  of  these  old  houses  yet  remains. 
No.  7  State  street,  now  the  Mission  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary,  for 
immigrant  girls. 

Just  north  of  the  Battery,  at  the  beginning  of  Broadway,  is  Bowling 
Green.  East  of  the  Batterv,  at  the  terminus  of  the  elevated  roads,  is 
the  South  Ferry,  whence  boats  ply  to  Brooklyn  and  Staten  Island.  It 
was  between  the  Battery  and  Staten  Island  that  young  Cornelius  Van- 
derbilt  (afterward  the  Commodore)  sailed  and  rowed  his  ferryboat 
"Dread."  West  of  the  Battery  at  Pier  i,  North  River,  are  the  Coney 
Island  boats. 

Governor's  Island,  which  lies  a  thousand  yards  off  the  Battery,  is 
Government  property,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Military  Depart- 
ment of  the  Atlantic.  Its  trees  and  lawn  add  to  the  attractiveness  of 
the  harbor.  The  sunset  gun  is  fired  from  Castle  Williams.  Other  for- 
tifications are  the  antiquated  Fort  Columbus  in  the  center  of  the 
island,  and  the  South  Battery.  There  are  officers'  quarters,  occupied 
by  the  Commanding  General  and  his  staff,  parade  grounds,  prison  for 
military  prisoners,  ordnance  stores  and  other  usual  features  of  a 
military  establishment.  Governor's  Island  is  the  chief  military  post 
of  the  country. 


The    Produce    Exchange. 

The  Produce  Exchange,  on  Whitehall  street  (near  the  lower  end  of 
Broadway),  occupies  a  building  which  is  one  of  the  notable  architec- 
tural features  of  New  York.  The  exterior  is  of  brick  and  terra-cotta, 
of  rich  red  tones,  the  decorations  are  the  Arms  of  the  States,  the 
prows  of  ships  and  the  heads  of  domestic  cattle.  The  structure  is  of 
immense  size,  300x150  feet,  and  116  feet  in  height,  with  a  square 
tower  rising  225  feet  from  the  pavement.  The  foundation  rests  upon 
15,037  New  England  spruce  and  pine  piles  driven  down  to  bedrock 
and  cut  off  below  the  level  of  tidewater.  The  Exchange  Room  is  an 
apartment  220  x  144  feet,  and  60  feet  in  height  to  the  peak  of  the  sky- 
light. The  floor  space  is,  next  to  that  of  the  Madison  Square  Garden, 
the  largest  in  the  city. 

The  business  done  here  is  wholesale  buying  and  selling  of  produce. 
Grain,  flour  lard,  provisions,  petroleum,  oil,  naval  stores,  seeds,  butter, 
cheese,  hops,  hay  and  straw  are  the  principal  articles  dealt  in.  The 
volume  of  business  exceeds  a  billion  dollars  a  year.  The  long  tables 
are  for  the  display  of  samples,  upon  which  many  of  the  transactions 
are  based;  and  in  the  corner  is  the  oval  "Wheat  Pit,"  where  wheat  is 
bought  and  sold.    Bulletins  announce  the  prices  current  in  other  trade 


BOWLING   GREEN.  27 

centers,  and  give  other  information.  "While  on  the  floor  a  buyer  may 
receive  from  Europe  a  cable  order  for  a  cargo  of  grain,  flour  or  pro- 
visions, ma}'  purchase  what  is  ordered,  charter  a  vessel  for  shipment, 
engage  an  elevator  to  load  the  grain,  or  a  lighter  to  move  provisions 
or  flour,  effect  insurance,  sell  exchange,  cable  back  the  fact  of  his  pur- 
chases, and  write  and  mail  his  letters."  The  membership  is  limited 
to  three  thousand,  and  is  full. 


Bowling   Green. 

The  diminutive  oval  of  Bowling  Green,  at  the  foot  of  Broadway,  is 
the  city's  oldest  park.  Its  story  goes  back  to  the  beginning.  When 
the  Dutch  came  to  Manhattan  Island  in  1626,  they  built  Fort  Amster- 
dam, which  stood  where  the  new  U.  S.  Custom  House  now  stands, 
and  the  Green  was  the  Plaine  reserved  as  a  drill  ground  in  front  of 
the  fort.  A  hundred  years  later,  in  1732 — this  was  in  British  times — 
the  plot  was  by  resolution  of  the  Corporation  leased  "to  some  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  said  Broadway,  in  order  to  be  inclosed  to  make  a 
Bowling  Green  thereof,  with  walks  therein,  for  the  beauty  and  orna- 
ment of  said  street,  as  well  as  for  the  recreation  and  delight  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  city."  Thus  the  park  got  its  name.  But  it  has  been 
the  scene  of  more  exciting  events  than  the  most  warmly  contested 
game  of  bowls.  In  1765,  on  the  evening  of  the  day  when  the  Stamp 
Act  went  into  effect,  the  indignant  citizens  gathered  here,  and  using 
the  wooden  fence  of  the  green  for  fuel,  burned  the  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor in  effigy.  When  the  act  was  repealed  in  1766,  the  people  showed 
their  rejoicing  by  bonfires  here,  and  afterward  ordered  from  England 
an  equestrian  statue  of  King  George  III.,  which  was  set  up  in  the 
center  of  the  Bowling  Green;  and  the  park  was  inclosed  with  an  iron 
fence,  which  had  been  imported  from  England  at  a  cost  of  £800. 
July  9,  1776,  after  listening  to  the  reading  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, the  people  came  down  to  the  Green,  threw  the  statue  from 
its  pedesta'  and  dragged  it  through  the  streets.  Then,  since  it  was 
leaden  and  represented  much  useful  ammunition,  it  was  shipped  to 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  where  it  was  melted  down  and  run  into  bul- 
lets, 42,000  of  them,  for  Patriot  use;  and  it  is  recorded  that  in  subse- 
quent engagements  400  British  soldiers  were  killed  with  these  bullets. 
The  posts  of  the  iron  railings  of  the  Green  were  ornamented  with 
crowns,  which  were  broken  off  that  July  night;  and  thus  mutilated, 
the  railing  is  here  to-day.  The  statue  which  now  adorns  the  park  is 
of  Abraham  de  Peyster,  an  ancient  worthy  of  Manhattan,  of  whom 
most  of  us  would  never  have  heard  if  he  had  not  had  a  descendant, 
John  Watts  de  Peyster,  of  the  seventh  generation  in  direct  descent, 
to  erect  this  monument  in  his  memory. 


The   Custom   House. 

In  the  Custom  House,  fronting  on  Bowling  Green,  New  York 
possesses  the  largest  and  most  beautiful  custom  house  in  the  world. 
The  building,  designed  by  Cass  Gilbert,  is  of  Maine  granite,  seven 
stories  in  height,  and  the  cost  was  $4,500,000.  It  is  embellished  with 
a  wealth  of  exterior  decoration,  the  motives  found  in  the  world-wide 
commerce  of  the  United  States,  of  which  75  per  cent,  enters  through 
the  port  of  New  York.  Dolphin  masks,  rudders,  tridents,  the  caduceus 
of  Mercury,  the  winged  wheel,  the  conventionalized  wave  and  other 
suggestions  are  of  the  sea  and  ships  and  transportation.  A  series  of 
forty-four  Corinthian  columns  surrounding  the  building  are  crowned 
with  capitals  from  which  look  out  the  head  of  Mercury;  ancient  god 
of  commerce;  and  in  the  keystones  of  the  window  arches  are  carved 
heads  typical  of  the  eight  types  of  mankind — the  Caucasian,  with  ac- 
cessary of  oak  branches;  Hindu,  lotus  leaves;  Latin  and  Celt,  grapes; 
Mongol,  poppy;  Eskimo,  fur  hood;  coureur  de  bois,  pine  cones; 
African. 

Extending  across  the  sixth  floor  of  the  Bowling  Green  fagade  is  a 
series  of  twelve  statues  carved  from  Tennessee  marble.  The  figures 
are  of  heroic  size  and  represent  twelve  sea-faring  powers,  ancient  and 
modern,  which  have  had  part  in  the  commerce  of  the  globe.  The 
subjects  from  left  to  right  are : 

Greece  (by  F.  E.  Elwell)  is  typified  by  Pallas-Athene,  with  cuirass  and  shield. 

Rome  (by  F.  E.  Elwell)  is  a  soldier  of  the  Empire,  bearing  the  mace,  and  crushing 
to  his  knees  a  barbarian  captive. 

Pikenecia   (by  F  M.  Ruckstuhl)   with  ancient  oared  galley. 

Genoa  (by  Augustus  Lukeman)  is  represented  by  Columbus;  the  Great  Discoverer 
is  clad  in  armor,  with  two-handed  sword,  and  at  his  feet  crouches  an  open-jawed 
dragon,  typifying  the  triumph  of  Columbus  over  ignorance,   superstition  and  bigotry. 

Venice  (by  F.  M.  L.  Tonetti)  is  represented  by  the  Doge  Mariano  Falieri,  in 
magnificently  embroidered  robef  and  holding  the  prow  of  a  gondola. 

Spain  (by  F.  M.  L.  Tonetti)  is  represented  by  Isabella  the  Catholic,  wearing  the 
regal  crown  and  royal  robe,  on  which  are  embroidered  the  castles  and  lions  of 
Castile  and  Arragon,  and  the  Collar  of  the  Golden  Fleece.  Her  right  hand  rests  on  a 
globe,  the  left  on  sculptured  arms,  with  the  little  Santa  Maria  of  Columbus's  fleet. 

Holland  (by  Louis  St.  Gaudens)  is  represented  by  Admiral  van  Tromp,  with 
characteristic  broad-brimmed  and  plumed  hat,  heavy  boots  and  long  sword. 

Portugal  (by  Louis  St.  Gaudens)  is  represented  by  Prince  Henry  the  Navigator, 
clad  in  medieval  armor. 

Denmark  (by  Johannes  Gelert)  is  a  woman  Viking  carrying  a  boarding  pike. 
Other  suggestions  are  rope  and  tackle. 

Belgium  wears  a  trench  helmet;  on  her  cuirass  is  the  Belgian  lion,  and  the  shield 
bears  the  name  Belgium. 

France  (by  Charles  Graby),  wearing  the  liberty  cap,  holds  a  statue  to  indicate 
pre-eminence  in  the  fine  arts,  and  crowing  cock  proclaims  the  Frenchman's  chal- 
lenge to  the  world. 

England  (by  Charles  Graby)  is  personified  as  Britannia  with  hand  on  steering 
wheel,  and  bearing  a  shield  embossed  with  the  image  of  St.  George. 

28 


THE    CUSTOM    HOUSE. 


*9 


THE    NEW    YORK    CUSTOM     HOUSE. 


On  pedestals  advanced  from  the  building,  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  main 
entrance,  are  sculptured  marble  groups  by  Daniel  Chester  French,  representing  the 
four  continents.  Each  is  personified  as  a  woman,  and  the  allegory  is  an  epitome  of 
the  development  of  the  racial  type. 

Asia  holds  the  lotus  flower,  and  in  her  lap  is  a  figure  of  the  Buddha.  Beneath 
her  feet  are  the  skulls  of  the  victims  of  oppression.  Her  eyes  are  closed;  with 
passive  countenance  she  is  heedless  of  the  prayers  of  the  kneeling  Hindu,  the  Chinese 
coolie,  whose  arms  are  bound,  and  the  suppliant  woman  bound  by  the  injustice  ot 
the  ages.  A  tiger  glares  into  her  face.  Behind  her  shines  the  illuminating  cross 
of  the   Christian  religion. 

Africa,  reclining  against  an  Egyptian  pillar,  is  seated  between  a  lion  and  a 
sphinx.     Her  attitude  is  of  drowsiness  and  hopelessness. 

Europe  is  seated  on  a  throne  carved  with  the  emblems  of  achievement.  The  open 
book  is  of  the  mighty  past,  the  globe  is  the  sphere  of  empire,  the  ships'  prows  stand 
for  daring  exploration. 

America,  seated  on  a  stone  covered  with  barbaric  inscriptions,  holds  in  one  hand 
the  lighted  torch  of  progress;  the  other  is  extended  protectingly  above  a  figure 
signifying  labor.  An  Indian  peers  over  her  shoulder,  the  eagle  is  by  her  side  on 
her  knees  rest  sheaves  of  grain.     The  attitude  is  alert,  energetic,  expectant. 

In  the  center  of  the  attic  of  the  Bowling  Green  front  is  a  cartouche  by  Karl 
Bitter,  displaying  the  shield  of  the  United  States,  supported  by  two  femals  figures 
and  surmounted  by  an  American  eagle  with  outstretched  wings.  The  sheathed  sword 
typifies  power  and  the  security  of  peace;  the  bound  bundle  of  reeds  is  emblematic 
of  the  strength  of  the  States  united.  A  female  head  is  carved  above  the  entrance 
arch  by  Alfano,  and  under  the  arch  are  the  Arms  of  the  City  by  the  same  sculptor. 


Trinity    Church. 


One  of  the  architectural  adornments  of  lower  New  York  is  the  noble 
Gothic  pile  of  Trinity  Church,  set  in  its  churchyard  on  Broadway  at 
the  head  of  Wall  street.  Its  proportions  have  been  dwarfed  by  the 
surrounding  office  buildings,  which  tower  above  the  spire,  but  the  dig- 
nity and  beauty  of  Trinity  have  in  no  wise  been  diminished;  the  con- 
trast between  its  restful  repose  and  the  turmoil  of  Broadway  is  as 
grateful  to-day  as  ever;  and  the  open  gate  still  as  alluringly  in- 
vites us  to  turn  aside  for  a  moment  within  the  twilight  of  its  aisles,  or 
to  stroll  amid  the  headstones  where  so  many  thousands  are  sleeping 
the  long  sleep. 

The  church  is  the  third  of  those  which  have  stood  here  since  1697. 
The  first  one  was  burned  in  the  great  fire  of  1776,  which  destroyed  500 
buildings;  and  the  second  one,  having  become  unsafe,  was  pulled  down 
to  make  way  for  the  present  edifice,  which  was  completed  in  1846.  It 
is  of  brown  sandstone,  and  is  regarded  as  a  fine  specimen  of  the 
Gothic  style.  Thousands  of  visitors  to  New  York  have  in  years  past 
climbed  Trinity's  steeple  for  the  view,  but  the  skyscrapers  have 
changed  that.  The  finial  cross  is  284  feet  above  the  pavement,  while 
the  American  Surety  Building  across  Broadway  is  306  feet,  the  Man- 
hattan Life  Building  348  feet,  and  the  Empire  Building  300  feet.  In 
the  belfry  is  the  famous  chime  of  bel's.  On  New  Year's  Eve  thou- 
sands of  people  come  down  to  Trinity  to  hear  the  chimes  ring  out 
the  old  year  and  welcome  the  new. 

The  Bronze  Doors  which  adorn  the  entrances  were  given  by  William 
Waldorf  Astor  as  a  memorial  of  his  father,  John  Jacob  Astor.  The 
Central  Door  is  by  Carl  Bitter.  The  subjects  of  the  panels  are  drawn 
from  the  Bible : 

Genesis  III.:  28-24— The  Expulsion  of  Adam  and  Eve  from  the  Garden. 

Genesis  XXVIII.:  10-13— Jacob's  Dream  of  the  Ladder  ascending  to  Heaven. 

St.  Luke  I.:  28-38— The  annunciation. 

St.  Matthew  XXVIII.:  1-8— The  Resurrection.     (The  two  Marys  at  the  tomb.) 

Revelations  IV.  :6,  10,   11— The  Vision  of  the  Throne. 

Revelations  VI.:15,  16,  18— The  Opening  of  the  Sixth  Seal. 

In   the  borders   and  tympanum  are   statuettes  of  the  Twelve  Apostles. 

The  North  Door  is  by  J.  Massey  Rhind.    The  subjects  are: 

Exodus  XII.:  23— The  Passover  in  Egypt.  (A  Hebrew  is  anointing  the  lintel  and 
door  post  with  blood  that  his  first  born  may  be  spared.) 

Deuteronomy  XIX.:  1-6— The  City  of  Refuge  (to  the  gate  of  which  a  fugitive  from 
vengeance  has  just  come). 

Acts  III.:  1,  2 — The  miraculous  cure  by  St.  Peter  and  St.  John  of  the  man  lame 
irom  his  birth. 

Acts  XVI.:  25-28— Paul  and  Silas  leaving  the  prison  after  the  earthquake. 

Uomine  quo  vadis—Vhe  legend,   as  told   in   a   sermon   attributed   to   St.   Ambrose,   is 

30 


TRINITY   CHURCHYARD 


32  NEW    YORK. 

that  as  St.   Peter  was  fleeing  from  Rome  to  escape  persecution,  he  met  his  Master 
going  into  the   city;   and   to  the  Apostle's  Domine   quo  vadis-~ "Lord,   whither  goest 
Thou?"  the  answer  was  given,  "I  go  to  Rome  to  be  crucified  again." 
Revelations  XXII.:  14— The  blessed  "enter  in  through  the  gate  into  the  city" 

The  South  Door  is  by  Charles  H.  Niehaus.  The  subjects  are  historical : 

Hendrik  Hudson  off  Manhattan  Island,  Sept.   11,  1609. 

Dr.  Barclay  Preaching  to  Indians,  1788.    Barclay  was  one  of  the  early  missionaries 
supported  by  Trinity. 
Washington  at  St  Paul's  Chapel  after  his  Inauguration,  April  80,   1789. 
Consecration  of  Four  Bishops  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Oct.  II,  1888. 
Consecration  of  Trinity  Church,  May  21,  1846. 
Dedication  of  the  Astor  Reredos,  June  29,  1877. 

The  statues  of  the  Evangelists,  above  the  doors  on  the  north  and 
south,  were  presented  by  William  Fitzhugh  Whitehouse. 

The  interior  is  of  impressive  size.  Rows  of  sculptured  stone  col- 
umns support  the  groined  roof;  the  light  comes  in  subdued  and 
warmed  by  the  stained  glass  windows,  and  the  chancel  is  magnificent 
with  the  superb  altar  and  reredos  which  were  given  by  John  Jacob 
Astor  and  William  Astor,  in  memory  of  their  father,  William  B. 
Astor.  The  altar  is  of  pure  white  marble;  its  face  is  divided  by  shafts 
of  red  stone  into  three  panels;  in  the  center  panel  is  a  Maltese  cross 
in  mosaic  set  with  cameos,  with  a  Christ  head,  and  the  symbols  of 
the  Evangelists.  The  reredos  is  of  Caen  stone  and  alabaster.  The 
three  panels  on  each  side  and  the  large  one  in  the  center  contain 
sculptures  of  scenes  in  the  life  of  Christ;  and  above  are  statuettes  of 
the  Twelve  Apostsles.  The  reredos  is  20  feet  high,  and  fills  almost 
the  entire  width  of  the  chancel. 

Trinity  Churchyard. — There  was  a  graveyard  here  (the  site  was 
then  beyond  the  city  limits)  before  the  first  church  was  built  in  1607. 
The  oldest  grave  that  can  be  identified  is  in  the  northern  section  on 
the  left  of  the  first  path;  it  is  that  of  a  little  child,  Richard  Churcher, 
"who  died  .  the  5  of  .  April  1681  .  of  .  age  .  5  years  and  .  5  .  months"; 
and  whose  name,  engraved  on  the  sandstone  slab,  has  endured  through 
the  centuries  with  an  immortality  singularly  in  contrast  with  the  brief 
span  of  his  child  life. 

Near  the  porch  on  the  north  side  of  the  church  is  the  grave  of 
William  Bradford,  Printer,  who  printed  the  first  newspaper  in  New 
York — the  New  York  Gazette — in  1725.  He  died  in  1752,  aged  ninety- 
two  years.    The  stone  bears  the  injunction : 

Reader,  reflect  how  loon  you'll  quit  this  Stage; 
You'll  And  but  few  attain  to  auch  an  Age. 
Life's  full  of  Pain.     Lol    Here's  a  place  of  Rest, 
Prepare  to  meet  your  GOD,  then  you  are  blest. 

Following  the  path  to  the  right,  we  come  to  a  slab,  lying  flat  in  the 
turf,  inscribed  with  the  name  of  Charlotte  Temple.  But  Charlotte 
Temple  was  a  creation  of  fiction,  the  heroine  of  Mrs.  Rowson's  "Char- 


TRINITY   CHURCHYARD.  33 

lotte  Temple;  A  Tale  of  Truth,"  written  in  1790.  The  story  was  of  an 
English  school  girl,  who  eloped  with  her  lover,  a  British  officer;  came 
to  New  York;  was  betrayed  and  deserted,  and  died  of  a  broken  heart. 
The  pathetic  tale  took  strong  hold  upon  the  tender  sympathies  of  the 
maids  and  matrons  of  that  day,  and  has  had  vogue  among  readers  of 
'"Tales  of  Truth"  ever  since.  By  many  Mrs.  Rowson's  heroine  has 
been  accepted  as  a  real  person.  It  was  no  wonder,  then,  that  when, 
in  the  '40s,  one  of  the  stone-cutters  employed  in  the  erection  of  the 
church  carved  on  this  slab  the  name  of  Charlotte  Temple,  the  imita- 
tion tombstone  laid  here  above  the  imaginary  grave  of  a  fictitious 
character  in  due  time  became  a  shrine  of  sentimental  pilgrimage. 
Countless  flowers  have  been  laid  upon  "the  grave  of  Charlotte  Tem- 
ple;" we  may  find  such  tributes  here  to-day. 

The  Richard  Churcher  headstone  is  directly  across  the  path  from 
here;  on  the  back  of  the  stone  is  carved  the  emblem  of  a  winged  hour- 
glass with  skull  and  cross-bones.  A  few  steps  beyond,  on  the  left  is 
the  curious  tombstone  of  Sidney  Breese,  merchant  and  officer  in  the 
British  army,  who  died  in  1767. 

Sidney  Breese  |une  9  1767 
Made  by  himself 
Ha  Sidney  Sidney 
Lyest  thou  here 

I  here  Lye 
Till  time  is  flown 

To  its  Eternity 

In  the  northern  part  of  the  ground  near  Broadway  stands  the  hand- 
some Gothic  memorial  commonly  called  the  Martyrs'  Monument: 

Sacred  to  the   Memory  of  those   brave   and  good   Men,  who   died  whilst  im- 
prisoned in  this  City,  for  their  devotion  to  the  cause  of  America's  Independence. 

During  the  Revolution,  the  regular  jails  of  the  city  not  sufficing  to 
contain  the  American  prisoners,  churches  and  sugar  houses  were  con- 
verted into  prisons.  Crowded  into  these,  the  patriot  prisoners  were 
subjected  by  their  British  jailers  to  such  cruelties  and  privations  that 
thousands  died  of  disease  and  starvation;  and  day  by  day  the  dead 
were  carried  out  and  thrown  into  trenches.  Tradition  has  it  that 
many  were  so  buried  here;  and  the  monument  was  erected  at  a  time 
when  the  city  proposed  to  cut  a  street  through  the  churchyard  at 
this  point. 

On  the  left,  as  we  enter  at  the  lower  Broadway  gate,  is  the  monu- 
ment, "In  memory  of  Captain  James  Lawrence,  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  who  fell  on  the  1st  day  of  June,  1813,  in  the  32d  year  of  his  age, 
in  the  action  between  the  frigates  Chesapeake  and  Shannon."  The 
tribute  on  the  pedestal  reads: 


34  NEW    YORK. 

The  heroick  commander  of  the  frigate  Chesapeake,  whose  remains  are  here 
deposited,  expressed  with  his  expiring  breath  his  devotion  to  his  country. 
Neither  the  fury  of  battle,  the  anguish  of  a  mortal  wound,  nor  the  horrors  of 
approaching  death  could  subdue  his  gallant  spirit..  His  dying  words  were, 
"DON'T  GIVE  UP  THE  SHIP." 

The  wife  of  Captain  Lawrence,  who  survived  her  husband  for  more 
than  fifty  years,  lies  beside  him.  Just  beyond  is  the  bronze  statue  of 
Judge  John  Watts,  who  was  Recorder  of  the  City  in  Colonial  days. 

Alexander  Hamilton's  tomb  is  marked  by  the  conspicuous  white 
marble  monument  in  the  south  grounds  near  the  Rector  street  railing. 
On  the  pedestal  is  inscribed: 

To  the  memory  of  Alexander  Hamilton  the  Corporation  of  Trinity  Church  has 
erected  this  monument  in  testimony  of  their  respect  for  the  Patriot  of  Incor- 
ruptible Integrity,  the  Soldier  of  Approved  Valour,  the  Statesman  of  Consum- 
mate Wisdom,  whose  talents  and  virtues  will  be  admired  by  grateful  posterity 
long  after  this  marble  shall  have  mouldered  into  dust.  He  died  July  12,  1804, 
aged  47. 

Here,  too,  is  the  grave  of  his  wife,  who  died  in  1854,  after  a  widow- 
hood of  fifty  years. 

But  we  cannot  begin  to  catalogue  the  names  of  the  distinguished 
dead  who  repose  here — Livingston  and  Lewis,  signers  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence;  Albert  Gallatin,  who  succeeded  Hamilton  as 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  Robert  Fulton,  inventor  of  the  steamboat. 
If  we  were  to  tell  them  all,  whose  monuments  and  headstones  are 
legible  to-day,  there  would  yet  remain  the  host  whose  names  have 
been  eaten  from  the  stones  by  the  tooth  of  time,  and  the  yet  greater 
host  whose  resting  places  are  unmarked  and  whose  names  are  un- 
known.   Trinity's  dead  number  many  tens  of  thousands. 

As  shown  in  the  illustrations,  on  all  sides  the  churchyard  is  sur- 
rounded and  shut  in  by  the  towering  skyscrapers  of  the  financial 
district,  chief  among  them  on  Broadway  the  Equitable  Building,  rising 
to  a  height  of  545  feet,  and  the  American  Surety  Building,  with  its 
gilded  cornice  shining  against  the  blue  of  the  sky.  On  the  south  the 
stupendous  facade  of  the  Empire  Building  extends  from  Broadway 
to  Church  street;  on  the  west  is  the  United  States  Express  Com- 
pany's Building,  and  on  the  other  side  of  Broadway  are  the  Manhattan 
Life  and  the  Union  Trust.  On  the  north  rises  the  twenty-one-story 
Trinity  Building,  its  facade  stretching  from  Broadway  to  Church  street. 

Trinity  Church,  established  in  1697.  is  the  richest  church  society  in 
America.  From  its  income  ($1,101,766  in  1919)  it  supports  the  parent 
church  and  eight  chapels  (St.  Paul's  among  them),  contributes  regu- 
larly to  twenty-four  congregations,  and  maintains  schools,  a  dispen- 
sary, hospital  beds  and  a  long  list  of  charitable  enterprises.  Its 
productive  real  estate  has  a  tax  value  (1919)  of  $13,719,550-  The  two 
plots  occupied  by  Trinity  and  St.  Paul's  would  bring  a  fabulous  price. 


Wall   Street. 


Wall  Street  took  its  name  from  the  wall  which  once  defended  New 
Amsterdam  at  this  point.*  The  wall  outlived  its  usefulness  and  dis- 
appeared 200  years  ago,  but  the  name  it  gave  to  the  street  which  ran 
beside  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  famous  street  names  in  the 
world. 

Wall  street  the  place  is  the  financial  center  of  the  country.  Wall 
street  the  name  is  synonymous  with  securities,  stocks,  bonds  and 
shares,  trust  certificates,  gold,  money,  investment,  speculation,  for- 
tune, ruin.  We  shall  find  here  a  succession  of  imposing  bank  and  office 
buildings  whose  architectural  effect  is  of  solidity,  strength  and  dura- 
bility. Facing  the  street  and  filling  the  vista  on  Broadway  stands 
Trinity  Church,  its  melodious  belfry  chiming  the  hours  of  the  Wall 
street  day.  The  sidewalks  and  the  street  itself  are  crowded  with  alert, 
intent,  hurrying,  jostling  throngs  of  bankers,  brokers,  lawyers,  clerks, 
expressmen,  messenger  boys  ubiquitous  here  as  everywhere  through- 
out the  city,  and  now  and  then,  if  we  recognize  him,  a  detective. 

A  few  steps  from  Broadway,  New  street  opens  to  the  south  in  a 
canyon  between  towering  cliffs.  A  few  doors  below  is  the  New  York 
Stock  Exchange,  the  greatest  market  of  stocks,  bonds,  and  other 
securities  in  the  world.  The  Exchange  has  1,100  members;  seats  have 
sold  as  high  as  $115,000.  Admission  to  the  visitors'  gallery  is  by  card 
from  a  member.  The  chief  external  feature  of  the  million-dollar 
building  is  the  Broad  street  fagade.  The  Consolidated  Exchange 
occupies  a  monumental  building  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Beaver 
streets.  The  Curb  Market,  which  was  long  a  picturesque  feature  of 
Broad  street,  has  been  abandoned;  the  Curb  Market  Association  now 
occupies  the  Curb  Market  Building  on  Trinity  Place,  west  of 
Broadway. 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau  towers  the  magnifi- 
cent Bankers'  Trust  Company  Building.  This  is  distinguished  by 
massiveness  of  construction  and  the  elegance  of  the  Interior:  and  is 
further  notable  as  an  example  of  that  astonishing  system  of  tearing 
down  and  building  up  which  is  characteristic  of  the  development  of 
the  city.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  Gillender  Building,  a  twenty-story 
structure  which  was  in  its  day  one  of  the  architectural  marvels  of  the 
town,  and  which  was  demolished  to  make  way  for  the  present  building. 

*The  wall  was  built  by  command  of  Gov.  Peter  Stuyvesant  in  1653.  Tbe  palisades, 
or  stockade,  extended  alonp  the  East  River,  from  near  the  present  head  of  Coenties 
Slip,  on  the  north  line  of  Pearl  street,  crossing  the  fields  to  the  North  River,  on 
the  present  north  side  of  Wall  Street  (whence  its  name),  and  then  along  the  North 
River  to  the  fort,  iust  east  of  Greenwich  Street,  whieh  was  then  under  water.  In 
digging  the  foundation  of  the  new  Bowling  Green  offices,  5-11  Broadway,  a  large 
number  of  these  old  posts  were  found  many  feet  under  the  surface.  Although  nearly 
250  vears  old.  the  portions  found  were  in  a  wonderful  state  of  preservation.  Canes 
and  other  mementoes  have  been  made  from  these.— Spencer  Trask  in  Historic  New  York. 

35 


36 


NEW    YORK. 


NEW   YORK   STOCK  EXCHANGE — THE   GREAT   BROAD   STREET    WINDOW. 

Of  the  statuary  on  the  pediment,  the  central  figure,  of  a  women  in  flowing  robes, 
represents  "Integrity,  the  Bulwark  of  Sound  Finance."  The  two  groups  to  the 
right  represent  "Primitive  Agriculture  and  the  Products  of  the  Soil,"  and  "Mining." 
The  two  groups  to  the  left  represent  "Motive  Power,  Scientific  and  Mechanical 
Appliances,"  and  "The  Designer  and  the  Mechanic." 


Opposite  is  the  massive  structure  which  formerly  was  the  United  States 
Sub-Treasury,  a  branch  of  the  Treasury  at  Washington.  It  occupies 
the  site  where  stood  in  Colonial  times  the  City  Hall  and  the  Capitol 
of  the  Province,  which  afterward  became  Federal  Hall,  in  which 
assembled  the  first  Congress.  The  furniture  used  then  is  preserved  in 
the  City  Hall.  In  front  of  the  Wall  street  portico  stands  Ward's 
statue  of  Washington,  erected  under  the  auspices  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  and  unveiled  Nov.  26,  1883,  the  centennial  anniversary  of 
Evacuation  Day.  The  bronze  Washington  stands  where  stood  the 
living  Washington  when  he  took  the  oath.  Just  inside  the  door  is 
preserved  under  glass  a  brown-stone  slab  inscribed :  "Standing  on 
this  stone,  in  the  balcony  of  Federal  Hall,  April  30th,  1789,  George 
Washington  took  the  oath  as  the  first  President  of  the  United  States 
of  America." 
Adjoining  the  Sub-Treasury  is  the  United  States  Assay  Office,  a 


WALL    STREET. 


37 


WALL    STREET    LOOKING    TOWARD    BROADWAY. 


branch  of  the  Mint.  Here  are  great  refining  furnaces,  where  $50,000,000 
worth  of  the  precious  metals  are  melted  in  a  year;  a  hydraulic  press 
with  a  pressure  of  200  tons  to  the  square  foot,  which  compresses  the 
refined  gold  into  $20,000  cheeses;  delicate  scales,  which  register  weights 
ranging  from  a  thousand  pounds  to  a  single  hair  from  one's  head,  and 


NEW    YORK. 


THE    OLD    SUB-TREASURY. 


piles  of  gold  bricks.  Beneath  the  building  is  a  five-story  vault  sunk 
in  the  earth,  with  a  capacity  of  holding  $2,000,000  in  gold — the  largest 
money  vault  in  the  world. 

Further  down  the  street,  on  the  opposite  side,  is  seen  the  National 
City  Bank  Building,  with  its  double  tier  of  immense  granite  columns. 
This  is  the  old  Custom  House,  which  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $1,800,000. 


WALL    STREET. 


39 


K.  W.  Gibson,  Architect. 


THE    NEW    YORK    CLEARING    HOUSE. 


No  longer  serving  for  the  growing  volume  of  the  customs  business,  it 
was  sold  by  the  Government  for  $3,500,000. 

The  streets  which  are  near  Wall  street  and  open  out  from  it — Cedar, 
Pine,  Broad,  Nassau,  William,  Exchange  Place  and  lower  Broadway — 
are  in  all  essentials  a  part  of  it.  The  term  "Wall  Street"  as  meaning  a 
financial  center  includes  them  all.  Though  we  enter  the  Stock  Ex- 
change from  Wall  street,  the  Exchange  fronts  on  Broad  street.  Op- 
posite the  Sub-Treasury  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Wall  is  the  white 
marble  building  of  J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.  Next  to  it  on  Broad  street  is 
the   Mills  Building.     South  rises  the  twenty-story  Broad  Exchange, 


40 


NEW    YORK. 


THE    CHAMBER    OF    COMMERCE — LIBERTY    STREET. 
From  photo  copyright,   1901,  by  James  B.   Baker,  Architect. 


which  cost  $7,500,000,  and  in  floor  space  is  one  of  the  largest  office 
buildings  in  the  world.  Turn  which  way  we  may  from  Wall  street,  we 
shall  find  ourselves  in  a  maze  of  deep  and  narrow  canons,  for  here  we 
are  in  the  heart  of  New  York's  high  buildings. 

The  Clearing  House,  on  Cedar  street,  near  Broadway,  occupies  a 
building  which  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  New  York.    In  design  and 


WALL    STREET.  41 

adornment  the  white  marble  structure  is  in  fit  keeping  with  the  dignity 
and  importance  of  an  institution  whose  daily  transactions  are  regarded 
as  a  barometer  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  country.  The  cost 
was  $1,100,000.    Visitors  are  not  admitted. 

The  Clearing  House  Association  comprises  thirty-six  banks  and  four- 
teen trust  companies  (these  representing  also  numerous  others),  which 
meet  here  to  settle  their  accounts  with  one  another.  In  the  course 
of  its  business,  each  one  of  the  banks  receive  checks  and  drafts  drawn 
against  some  or  all  of  the  others.  Instead  of  each  one  sending  to 
collect  these  checks  from  the  others,  all  the  banks  come  together  in 
the  Clearing  House  and  turn  in  the  checks  drawn  on  each.  After  a 
system  of  exchange,  a  balance  is  struck  and  the  sum  is  ascertained 
which  each  bank  must  pay  in  or  which  must  be  paid  to  it  to  clear  its 
account.  By  this  system  of  paying  differences  it  is  practicable  to  set- 
tle enormous  accounts  in  a  way  extremely  simple  and  expeditious  and 
involving  the  actual  payment  of  amounts  which  are  comparatively 
small.  Thus  for  the  year  1921  the  average  daily  clearing  (i.  e.,  the 
sum  of  the  checks  presented  by  all  the  banks)  was  $673,539,074,  while 
the  average  daily  balance  paid  in  cash  was  $68,845,693. 

The  clerks  representing  the  banks  meet  in  the  Clearing  House  at 
ten  o'clock,  and  the  balances  are  ascertained  by  12:30.  A  bank  which 
is  a  debtor  to  the  Clearing  House  must  pay  its  balance  by  1 130  of  the 
same  day,  either  in  cash  or  Clearing  House  certificates.  Banks  which 
are  creditors  receive  checks  for  the  balance  due  them  the  same  day. 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  a  massive  pile  of  white  marble,  in  the 
Renaissance  style,  with  decorations  in  bronze.  Between  the  columns 
are  statues  of  Alexander  Hamilton  by  Martini,  De  Witt  Clinton  by 
French,  and  John  Jay  by  Bitter,  and  above  the  entrance  are  groups 
symbolical  of  Commerce.  The  vestibule  admits  to  a  monumental  hall 
and  broad  stairway  of  Caen  stone.  Admission  is  by  card  of  a  member. 
The  Chamber  is  a  magnificent  apartment  ninety  feet  long,  sixty  feet 
in  width  and  thirty  feet  high.  It  is  lighted  through  an  enormous  sky- 
light in  the  ceiling;  and  the  walls,  unbroken  to  a  height  of  twenty  feet, 
are  hung  with  the  Chamber's  large  collection  of  portraits  of  New  York 
merchants.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce,  organized  in  1768,  is  an  asso- 
ciation of  merchants  which  concerns  itself  with  questions  affecting 
domestic  and  foreign  commerce,  the  welfare  of  the  city  and  national 
interests.  It  has  had  large  influence  in  the  development  of  the  port  of 
New  York  and  the  city's  growth  and  commercial  expansion.  The 
annual  dinner  given  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  an  occasion  of 
discussion  of  public  questions. 


Lower   Broadway, 


By  an  hyperbole  of  civic  pride  Broadway  has  been  described  as  the 
longest  street  in  the  world;  for,  beginning  at  Battery  Park  near  the 
extreme  southern  end  of  Manhattan  Island,  it  runs  to  the  city's  north- 
ern boundary,  and  then  under  various  names  continues  its  course 
paralleling  the  Hudson  150  miles  to  Albany.  From  Battery  Park  it  is 
seen  as  a  narrow  fissure  in  a  mountain  mass  of  masonry,  showing  a 
streak  of  sky.  Looking  from  the  steps  of  the  Custom  House,  one 
beholds  in  Broadway  the  most  tremendous  and  impressive  canyon 
effect  New  York  has  to  give;  nor  is  the  impression  lost  as  we  proceed 
north  between  the  high  buildings  on  either  side  to  where  the  Wool- 
worth  tower  rises  nearly  800  feet  above  the  pavement.  We  realize 
too  that  Broadway  here  is  a  central  canyon,  intersected  at  every  street 
by  others  little  less  prodigious  extending  east  and  west,  for  here  we 
are  in  the  heart  of  the  skyscraper  district. 

In  this  lower  course  Broadway  is  a  maritime,  business  and  financial 
center — a  part  of  the  greatest  financial  district  in  the  world,  the  home 
of  business  institutions  which  in  aggregations  of  resources  and  scope 
of  operations  are  as  gigantic  as  the  lofty  buildings  and  the  monu- 
mental structures  they  occupy.  The  Custom  House  lies  athwart  the 
street  on  the  south,  and  nearby  is  the  Produce  Exchange.  No.  1 
Broadway  is  the  home  of  the  Mercantile  Marine.  The  Cunard  Build- 
ing is  just  above.  The  Standard  Oil  Company  is  at  No.  26.  The 
United  States  Steel  Corporation  occupies  the  Empire  Building  over- 
looking Trinity  Churchyard.  The  Manhattan  and  the  Equitable  life 
insurance  companies,  the  American  Surety  Company,  banks,  trust 
companies  and  other  huge  corporations  give  character  to  the  district. 

The  hurrying  crowds  which  congest  the  sidewalk  reflect  the  volume 
of  business  here,  and  the  more  leisurely  throngs  of  the  mid-day 
luncheon  hour  give  some  suggestion  of  the  immense  day  population 
of  this  district  of  the  vertical  city.  A  count  shows  that  on  the  Broad- 
way block  between  Rector  street  and  Exchange  Place  (including  both 
sides  of  the  street  and  both  directions)  65.000  people  pass  in  a  day; 
1,600  go  by  a  given  point  here  between  12  and  12:15  noon.  Further 
north,  between  John  and  Fulton  streets,  the  crowd  on  the  east  side- 
walk numbers  54000  people,  and  on  the  west  sidewalk  51,000,  a  total 
of  105,000.  This  is  the  route  for  thousands  of  those  who  live  in 
Brooklyn  and  pass  here  on  the  way  to  Brooklyn  Bridge.  The  greatest 
crush  is  at  the  home-going  hour;  from  5  to  5:15  about  2,500  people 
pass,  for  the  most  part  northward.  At  night  this  lower  part  of 
Broadway  and  the  adjacent  streets  are  deserted  and  silent.  Fulton 
street  is  called  the  "Dead  Line,"  because  the  police  have  made  it  the 
point  south  of  which  no  known  crook  or  criminal  may  venture  by 
day  or  night  without  being  subject  to  arrest. 

42 


LOWER    BROADWAY. 
Photo   by    Brown   Bros. 


St.    Paul's   Chapel. 


St.  Paul's  Chapel  is  on  Broadway  between  Vesey  and  Fulton 
streets,  just  below  the  City  Hall  Park  and  the  Post  Office.  Curiously 
enough,  the  Broadway  end  of  the  building  is  the  rear,  for  the  church 
was  built  fronting  on  the  river;  and  in  the  old  days  a  pleasant  lawn 
sloped  down  to  the  water's  edge,  which  was  then  on  the  line  of  Green- 
wich street.  One  effect  of  St.  Paul's  thus  looking  away  from  Broad- 
way is  to  give  us  at  the  portal  an  increased  sense  of  remoteness  from 
the  great  thoroughfare,  and  of  isolation  from  its  strenuous  life,  so  that 
all  the  more  readily  we  yield  to  the  pervading  spell  of  the  churchyard's 
peaceful  calm. 

St  Paul's  is  a  cherished  relic  of  Colonial  days.  Built  in  1766  as  a 
chapel  of  Trinity  Parish,  it  is  the  only  church  edifice  which  has  been 
preserved  from  the  pre-Revolutionary  period.  After  the  burning  of 
Trinity  in  1776,  St.  Paul's  became  the  parish  church;  here  worshipped 
Lord  Howe  and  Major  Andre  and  the  English  midshipman  who  was 
afterward  King  George  IV.  After  his  inauguration  at  Federal  Hall 
in  Wall  street,  President  Washington  and  both  Houses  of  Congress 
came  in  solemn  procession  to  St.  Paul's,  where  service  was  conducted 
by  Bishop  Provoost,  Chaplain  of  the  Senate,  and  a  Te  Deum  was  sung. 
Thereafter,  so  long  as  New  York  remained  the  Capital,  the  President 
was  a  regular  attendant  here;  his  diary  for  Sunday  after  Sunday  con- 
tains the  entry:  "Went  to  St.  Paul's  Chapel  in  the  forenoon." 
Washington's  Pew  remains  to-day  as  it  was  then;  it  is  midway  of  the 
church  on  the  left  aisle,  and  is  marked  by  the  Arms  of  the  United 
States  on  the  wall.  Across  the  church  is  the  pew  which  was  reserved 
for  the  Governor  of  the  State,  and  was  occupied  by  Governor  Clinton; 
above  it  are  the  State  Arms.  The  pulpit  canopy  is  ornamented  with 
the  gilded  crest  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  a  crown  surmounted  by  three 
ostrich  feathers.  It  is  the  only  emblem  of  royalty  that  escaped  de- 
struction at  the  hands  of  the  Patriots  when  they  came  into  possession 
of  the  city  in  1783. 

In  the  wall  of  the  Broadway  portico,  where  it  is  seen  from  the  street 
and  is  observed  by  innumerable  eyes  daily,  is  the  Montgomery  Monu- 
ment, in  memory  of  Major-General  Richard  Montgomery,  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame.  It  consists  of  a  mural  tablet  bearing  an  urn  upon  a 
pedestal  supported  by  military  accoutrements.  General  Montgomery 
commanded  the  expedition  against  Canada  in  1775,  and  on  Dec.  31  of 
that  year,  in  company  with  Colonel  Benedict  Arnold,  led  the  assault 
upon  Quebec.  Just  after  the  exclamation,  "Men  of  New  York,  you 
will  follow  where  your  General  leads!"  he  fell,  mortally  wounded. 
Aaron  Burr  bore  his  body  from  the  field,  and  the  Englishmen  gave  it 
soldier's  burial  in  the  city.  Forty-three  years  later,  in  1818,  Canada 
surrendered  the  remains  to  the  United  States. 


ST.   PAUL  S   CHAPEL. 


46  NEW    YORK. 

The  monument  had  been  ordered  by  Congress  as  early  as  1776.  It 
was  bought  by  Benjamin  Franklin  in  Paris,  and  was  shipped  to  Amer- 
ica on  a  privateer.  A  British  gunboat  captured  the  privateer,  and  in 
turn  was  taken  by  an  American  vessel,  and  so  at  last  the  monument 
reached  its  destination.    The  inscription  read: 

This  Monument  is  erected  by  order  of  CONGRESS,  25th  Janry,  1776,  to 
transmit  U  Posterity  a  grateiul  leniembrance  of  the  patriotic  conuuct,  enterprise 
and  perseverance  of  MAJOR  GENERAL  RICHARD  MONTGOMERY,  who 
after  a  series  of  successes  amidst  the  most  discouraging  Difficulties  Fell  in  the 
attack  on   QUEBEC  31st  Decbr,  1775.    Aged  37  years. 

The  State  of  New  York  caused  the  remains  of  Majr.  Genl.  Richard  Mont- 
gomery to  be  conveyed  from  Quebec  and  deposited  beneath  this  monument  the 
8th  day  of  July,  1818. 

At  that  time  Mrs.  Montgomery,  in  the  forty-third  year  of  her  widow- 
hood, was  living  near  Tarrytown-on-the-Hudson.  Governor  Clinton 
had  told  her  of  the  day  when  the  steamboat  Richmond,  bearing  her 
husband's  remains,  would  pass  down  the  river;  and  sitting  alone  on 
the  piazza  of  her  home,  she  watched  for  its  coming.  With  what 
emotions  she  saw  the  pageant  is  told  in  a  letter  written  to  her  niece: 

"At  length  they  came  by  with  all  that  remained  of  a  beloved  hus- 
band, who  left  me  in  the  bloom  of  manhood,  a  perfect  being.  Alas! 
how  did  he  return?  However  gratifying  to  my  heart,  yet  to  my  feel- 
ings every  pang  I  felt  was  renewed.  The  pomp  with  which  it  was 
conducted  added  to  my  woe;  when  the  steamboat  passed  with  slow 
and  solemn  movement,  stopping  before  my  house,  the  troops  under 
arms,  the  Dead  March  from  the  muffled  drums,  the  mournful  music, 
the  splendid  coffin  canopied  with  crepe  and  crowned  with  plumes, 
you  may  conceive  my  anguish.     I  cannot  describe  it." 

The  most  conspicuous  monuments  in  the  churchyard  near  Broad- 
way are  those  of  Thomas  Addis  Emmett  and  Dr.  William  J.  Mac- 
Nevin,  both  of  whom  participated  in  the  Irish  rebellion  of  1798,  came 
to  New  York  and  achieved  distinction,  Emmett  at  the  bar  and  Mac- 
Nevin  in  medicine.  The  inscriptions  are  in  English,  Celtic  and  Latin. 
West  of  the  church  is  the  urn  with  flames  issuing  from  it,  which 
marks  the  resting  place  of  George  Frederick  Cooke,  the  distinguished 
tragedian;  born  in  England,  1756;  died  in  New  York,  1812.  The 
monument  was  erected  in  1821  by  the  great  English  actor,  Edmund 
Kean,  and  has  been  the  subject  of  pious  care  by  Charles  Kean,  who 
restored  it  in  1846;  Edward  A.  Sothern  in  1874,  and  Edwin  Booth  in 
1890.  The  epitaph  is  by  Fitz-Greene  Halleck: 

Three  Kingdoms  claim  his  birth, 

Both  hemispheres  pronounce   his  worth. 

In  the  high  building  which  looks  down  upon  St.  Paul's  Churchyard 
from  the  9outh  is  the  home  of  the  Evening  Mail;  and  across  the  church- 
yard on  Vesey  street  is  the  Evening  Post.  The  twenty-five  story  St. 
Paul  Building  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  Herald  Building,  and  here 
before  that  was  Barnum's  Museum. 


City   Hall   Park. 


The  City  Hall  Park  is  the  center  and  head  of  the  official  life  of 
New  York.  Here  are  the  municipal  and  county  buildings;  the  City 
Hall,  with  the  offices  of  Mayor,  Marshal  and  Sheriff,  the  halls  of  the 
Council  and  Assembly;  and  here  are  the  courts  with  judges,  jurors, 
lawyers  and  litigants.  Here  congregate  the  politicians,  sleek,  rotund, 
silk-hatted.  Here  to  the  Mayor's  office  come  the  Italians  to  be 
married,  hundreds  of  couples  every  year.  The  park  is  the  stamping 
ground — theirs  from  time  immemorial — of  the  newsboy  and  the  boot- 
black, and  here,  too,  we  shall  meet  the  gentleman  who  requests  us  to 
lend  him  two  cents  to  get  a  night's  lodging. 

On  the  west  Broadway  rolls  its  ceaseless  course;  on  the  east  is  Park 
Row;  on  the  north  runs  Chambers  street,  and  on  the  south  the  Post- 
Office  occupies  a  site  which  was  taken  for  it  from  the  original  park 
area.  Looming  up  above  the  Post-Office  rises  the  Park  Row  Building. 
Fronting  the  park  on  the  east  is  the  Potter  Building;  adjoining  is 
No.  39  Park  Row;  above  and  beyond  it  the  American  Tract  Society 
Building;  to  the  north  is  the  home  of  the  Tribune,  founded  by 
Horace  Greeley.  Ward's  bronze  statue  of  Greeley  stands  in  the  park. 
The  World  occupies  offices  in  the  dome  of  the  Pulitzer  Building.  The 
open  space  upon  which  the  Tribune  fronts  is  Printing  House  Square. 
Over  it  presides  Benjamin  Franklin,  the  patron  saint  of  Printerdom. 
The  scene  in  Printing  House  Square  is  characteristic  of  a  newspaper 
center.  Crowds  gather  about  the  bulletin  boards;  great  rolls  of  paper 
are  unloading  for  the  cylinder  presses;  yellow  delivery  wagons  ire 
scurrying  away  with  yellower  extras,  and  newsboys  and  newswomen 
obstruct  the  sidewalk  and  assail  us  with  their  shrill  but  not  unmusical 
cries. 

The  most  conspicuous  adornment  of  the  Park  is  the  Angelica  Crane 
Memorial  Fountain,  named  for  the  donor.  The  statue  by  Macmonnies 
represents  Civic  Virtue,  a  stalwart  youth  holding  the  sword  of  the 
law  and  triumphing  over  temptations,  symbolized  by  the  Sirens 
of  Greek  mythology.  The  statue  is  said  to  be  the  largest  one  cut 
from  a  single  block  of  marble  since  Micaelangelo  carved  his  David. 
Southwest  of  the  Park,  on  Broadway,  opposite  the  Post  Office,  is 
the  Woolworth  Building,  its  tower  rising  to  a  height  of  750  feet  above 
the  sidewalk — the  highest  inhabited  building  in  the  world.  West  is  the 
Postal  Telegraph  Building,  and  next  is  the  Home  Life.  On  the  corner 
of  Chambers  street  rise  the  square  towers  of  the  Shoe  and  Leather 
Bank.  Beside  it  is  the  Chemical  Bank.  On  the  upper  side  of  Cham- 
bers street  is  the  17-story  Broadway-Chambers.  The  marble  office 
building  opposite  was  formerly  the  wholesale  store  of  A.  T.  Stewart, 
built  on  the  site  of  an  old  negro  graveyard.  Rising  above  it  is  the 
handsome  Dun  Building;  east  of  this  is  the  Emigrant  Industrial 
Savings   Bank,  and   still  further  east  is  the  tremendous  bulk  of  the 

47 


THE     STUPENDOUS  ti 
Seen  from  a  flying  boat  of  the  Aeromarine  AH 

The  view  of  Manhattan  Island  extends  from  Battery  Park  north  to 
the  Metropolitan  Tower  and  beyond.  In  the  foreground  is  the  East 
River.  The  North  or  Hudson  River  may  be  followed  to  the  Palisades: 
and  on  the  horizon  are  the  New  Jersey  hills.  At  the  extreme  left  of 
the  New  Jersey  waterfront  are  dimly  seen  two  of  the  three  gigantic 


■  OF     NEW     YORK. 

F  Inc.     Photo  ©  Major  Hamilton    Maxwell. 


funnels  of  the  "Leviathan"  in  her  berth  in  Hoboken.  In  the  cluster  of 
skyscrapers  near  Battery  Park  is  seen  the  steel  framework  of  the 
upper  stories  of  a  new  building  rising  from  Broadway.  It  is  a 
symbol  of  New  York — the  city  never  finished,  never  halting,  always 
building. 


50  NEW    YORK. 

new  Municipal  Building.  Here  are  some  statistics  of  the  structure, 
but  they  are  unimpressive  in  comparison  with  the  effect  produced  by 
the  actual  sight  of  the  building  itself.  There  are  thirty-four  stories, 
of  which  eight  are  in  the  tower.  Height  from  sidewalk  to  top  of  the 
24-foot  figure  surmounting  the  tower,  539  feet.  Height  of  tower,  from 
twenty-sixth  story,  210  feet.  Height  from  Subway  station  arcade,  559 
feet.  Office  space,  651,000  square  feet.  The  foundation  contract  was 
the  largest  ever  given  in  the  country;  cost  of  foundation  $1,500,000. 
Depth  of  foundation  130  feet,  of  which  90  feet  is  below  water  level. 
Area  of  basement,  over  two  acres.  Area  of  first  floor,  43,000  square 
feet.  Frontage  on  Center  street,  448  feet;  Park  Row,  361  feet;  Duane 
street,  339  feet;  Tryon  Row,  71  feet.  Cost,  estimated,  $7,000,000;  prob- 
ably $10,000,000  when  completed. 

In  contrast  to  the  bigness  of  the  Municipal  Building  is  the  City 
Hall,  an  architectural  feature  of  the  Park  in  which  New  Yorkers  take 
just  pride,  and  one  which  is  much  admired  by  architects  for  the  well- 
balanced  and  symmetrical  design  and  the  purity  of  its  classic  details. 
It  was  completed  in  1812.  The  Hall  is  built  of  white  marble,  but  the 
rear  wall  is  of  freestone,  for  the  builders  of  1812  surmised  that  the 
city  would  never  go  beyond  this,.  To-day  the  city  limits  are  sixteen 
miles  north.  The  Mayor's  room  is  on  the  first  floor.  Under  one  of 
its  windows  on  the  outside  is  a  tablet  recording:  "Near  this  spot,  in 
the  presence  of  General  George  Washington,  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  was  read  and  published  to  the  American  Army,  July 
9th,  1776." 

The  halls  of  the  Council  and  Assembly  are  on  the  second  floor,  and 
may  be  visited.  The  Governor's  Room,  originally  intended  for  the  use 
of  the  Governor  of  the  State,  is  on  the  second  floor.  Across  the  hall 
is  a  statue  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  by  David  d'Angers,  a  replica  of  the 
one  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  The  Governor's  Room,  which  is 
open  to  the  public  from  10  to  4  daily  (Saturday  to  noon),  contains 
Trumbull's  full-length  equestrian  portrait  of  General  Washington,  and 
a  series  of  portraits  of  New  York's  Governors  and  other  worthies. 
That  of  Governor  Dix,  by  Anna  M.  Lea,  represents  him  as  author  of 
the  historic  dispatch  sent  by  him  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  Wm. 
Hemphill  Jones  in  New  Orleans,  Jan.  29,  1861 :  "If  any  one  attempts 
to  haul  down  the  American  flag,  shoot  him  on  the  spot."  An  easel 
bears  a  Washington  portrait  woven  in  silk  in  Lyons,  France,  at  a  cost 
of  $10,000.  Here,  too,  are  preserved  the  desk  and  table  used  by  Presi- 
dent Washington  during  his  first  term.  The  table  is  inscribed  in 
letters  of  gold:  "Washington's  writing  table,  1789."  The  fine  old 
mahogany  furniture  is  that  which  was  used  by  the  first  Congress  of 
the  United  States  in  Federal  Hall,  in  Wall  street. 

The  City  Hall  has  been  the  scene  of  many  festal  celebrations  and  of 
solemnities  as  well.    Here  in  April  of  1865  the  martyred  Lincoln  lay  in 


MUNICIPAL   BUILDING. 
City  Hall  in  Foreground. 


CITY    HALL    PARK    FROM    BROADWAY. 
Photo  ©  by  Irving  Underhill. 


state  to  receive  a  tribute  of  affection  and  sorrow  from  a  half-million 
people;  and  here  in  1885,  for  a  day  and  a  night,  the  unbroken  lines 
passed  reverently  by  the  bier  of  Grant.  Here  in  1881  rested  the  body 
of  the  explorer,  De  Long,  rescued  from  the  desolation  of  the  Arctic 
wastes;  and  hither,  in  1882,  from  the  ship  which  had  brought  him  from 
the  alien  soil  of  Tunis,  they  bore  the  remains  of  John  Howard  Payne, 
to  the  measured  strains  of  his  own  "Home,  Sweet  Home." 

Back  of  the  City  Hall  is  the  County  Court  House,  which  was  built 
during  the  Tweed  regime,  and  cost  $12,000,000.  The  bill  for  the  plas- 
tering was  $3,000,000,  and  for  the  furniture  $1,000,000.  The  walk  be- 
tween the  City  Hall  and  the  Court  House  is  called  "Hand-Shaking 
Alley,"  so  many  politicians  meet  and  greet  one  another  here.  The 
building  east  of  the  Court  House  was  formerly  the  Criminal  Court, 
where  tens  of  thousands  have  awaited  the  verdict  that  was  to  set  them 
free  or  send  them  to  prison.  Across  Chambers  street  is  the  $6,000,000 
Hall  of  Records,  in  which  provision  is  made  for  the  safe-keeping  of 
the  deeds  of  all  the  real  estate  of  Manhattan  Island.  The  exterior 
sculptures    of    the    Hall    by    Bush-Brown    and    Macmonnies,    include 


CITY  HALL   PARK. 


53 


figures  of  Commerce, 
Industry,  Navigation, 
History,  Poetry,  In- 
scription, Preserva- 
tion, Law,  Maternity 
and  Heritage;  groups 
of  the  races — Indian, 
Dutch,  English  and 
Huguenot — which  had 
part  in  the  city's  past; 
and  statues  of  men 
prominent  in  its  de- 
velopment. 

In  front  of  the  City 
Hall  stands  the  Mac- 
monnies  bronze  statue 
erected  by  the  Society 
of  the  Sons  of  the 
Revolution  in  mem- 
ory of  Nathan  Hale, 
a  Captain  of  the  Reg- 
ular Army  of  the 
United  States  of 
America,  who  gave 
his  life  for  his  coun- 
try in  the  City  of  New 
York,  Sept  22,  1776. 
In  1776,  when  the 
American  troops  had 
evacuated  New  York 
and  were  encamped 
on  Harlem  Heights, 
Captain  Hale  volun- 
teered to  enter  the 
British  lines  on  Long 
Island  and  secure  for 
General  Washington 
information  as  to  the 

strength  and  disposition  of  the  enemy's  forces.  He  was  arrested, 
without  trial  sentenced  to  death  as  a  spy,  denied  the  presence  of  a 
clergyman  or  the  use  of  a  Bible  in  his  last  hours,  and  the  letter  he 
had  written  to  his  mother  and  sisters  was  destroyed  before  his  face 
by  his  executioner.  In  all  the  annals  of  American  history  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  a  more  exalted  sentiment  of  patriotism  than  his 
dying  words,  set  here  in  letters  of  enduring  bronze  for  the  passing 
throngs  to  read: 

"I  regret  that  I  have  but  one  life  to  lose  for  my  country." 


NATHAN    HALE. 


NEW    YORK. 


HALL    OF    RECORDS — CHAMBERS    STREET. 


The  Park  has  always  been  a  common.  A  bronze  tablet  in  the  cor- 
ridor of  the  Post  Office,  erected  by  the  Mary  Washington  Colonial 
Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  records  that 
"On  the  common  of  the  City  of  New  York,  near  where  this  building 
now  stands,  there  stood  from  1766  to  1776  a  liberty  pole  erected  to 
commemorate  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act.  It  was  repeatedly  de- 
stroyed by  the  violence  of  the  Tories,  and  as  repeatedly  replaced  by 
the  Sons  of  Liberty,  who  organized  a  constant  watch  and  guard.  In 
its  defense  the  first  martyr  blood  of  the  American  Revolution  was 
shed  on  Jan.  18,  1770."  A  duplicate  of  the  old  liberty  pole  was  set  up 
on  the  site  in  1922  by  the  New  York  Historical  Society  and  the  Sons 
of  the  Revolution  of  the  State  of  New  York.  The  mainmast,  40  feet 
high,  is  a  Douglas  fir  from  Oregon,  presented  by  the  West  Coast 
Lumbermen's  Association,  of  Seattle;  and  the  topmast,  20  feet  high, 
is  a  Maine  pine  tree,  given  by  the  Lumbermen's  Association  of  Port- 
land. The  "Liberty"  weather  vane  is  an  exact  reproduction  of  the 
original,  and  the  iron  bands  at  the  base  are  such  as  were  bound 
around  the  pole  by  the  Revolutionary  Liberty  Boys  to  prevent  its 
easy  destruction  by  the  British  soldiers. 


New   York   and   Brooklyn    Bridges. 

The  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge,  which  spans  the  East  River, 
connecting  the  Boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  Brooklyn,  has  its  Man- 
hattan terminal  at  the  City  Hall  Park.  The  promenade  is  free;  fare 
by  trolley,  5  cents;  by  bridge  cars,  3  cents  one  way,  round  trip  5 
cents.  To  see  the  bridge,  we  should  view  it  from  the  water  or  walk 
across  it,  or  at  least  go  out  on  the  New  York  side  as  far  as  the  tower. 
Only  by  actually  going  out  upon  the  bridge  may  one  gain  any  con- 
ception of  its  tremendous  construction.  We  shall  find,  too,  a  memor- 
able prospect  of  river  and  harbor  and  city,  east  over  Brooklyn,  west 
and  north  over  New  York  to  the  Palisades.  Here  we  begin  to  realize 
the  magnitude  of  the  city,  as  we  contemplate  its  vast  expanse  in  the 
north  and  the  mountain  of  masonry  in  the  south.  The  ridge  of  high 
buildings  on  the  lower  end  of  Manhattan  as  seen  from  the  bridge  in 
the  afternoon  has  much  of  the  character  of  a  mountain;  its  heights 
cast  in  shadow  the  district  east  of  it  just  as  a  mountain  shadows  the 
slopes  and  valleys  behind  it  long  before  the  sun  sets.  If  we  go  out 
to  the  middle  of  the  river  span,  we  shall  have  the  novel  experience  of 
looking  directly  down  upon  the  water  craft  135  feet  below.  As  seen 
from  here,  even  the  largest  steamboat  takes  on  an  appearance  curi- 
ously suggestive  of  a  toy  boat. 

The  bridge  was  begun  in  1870  and  opened  to  traffic  in  1883,  having 
consumed  thirteen  years  in  building,  and  cost  $15,000,000.  Subse- 
quent alterations  have  increased  the  cost  to  $21,000,000.  The  third 
largest  suspension  bridge  in  existence,  in  the  field  of  bridge  engineer 
ing  it  is  the  crowning  triumph  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  is  one 
of  the  wonders  of  the  world.  The  designer  was  John  A.  Roebling, 
who  built  the  Niagara  Falls  Suspension  Bridge.  While  engaged  in 
the  preliminary  work  he  met  his  death.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
William  A.  Roebling,  who  in  turn  was  injured  by  a  fire  in  one  of  the 
caissons  and  became  a  permanent  invalid.  He  was  removed  to  a  resi- 
dence on  the  heights  of  Brooklyn,  where  with  indomitable  resolution 
he  watched  the  details  of  construction  from  his  window  by  the  aid  of 
a  telescope,  and  assisted  by  his  wife,  directed  the  progress  of  the 
work  to  its  successful  completion. 

The  bridge  consists  of  a  central  river  span  from  tower  to  tower,  two 
land  spans  from  towers  to  anchorages,  and  the  land  approach  on 
either  side.  The  channel  3pan  from  tower  to  tower  is  1,505  feet  6 
inches — the  third  single  span  in  the  world.  Each  land  span  is  930  feet. 
The  Manhattan  approach  is  1,562  feet  6  inches;  the  Brooklyn  approach 
971  feet.  The  total  length  of  the  bridge  is  5,989  feet,  and  with  the 
extensions,  6.537  feet.  (A  mile  is  5,280  feet.)  The  towers  are  278  feet 
high  above  high  water,  from  water  to  roadway  119  feet,  from  road- 
way to  roof  coping  159  feet.     The  floor  at  the  tower  is  119  feet;  the 

55 


56 


NEW    YORK. 


THE   MANHATTAN   TOWER  OF  THE  BROOKLYN   BRIDGE. 


clear  height  at  center  of  span  135  feet  above  the  water.  The  width  is 
85  feet.  The  cables  are  IS$4  inches  in  diameter,  and  3,578  feet  6 
inches  in  length. 

The  towers  rest  upon  caisson  foundations.  The  Manhattan  caisson 
rests  on  bedrock  78  feet  below  high  water  mark,  the  Brooklyn  one  on 
a  clay  bottom  45  feet  down.  The  caissons  are  of  a  size  which  was  be- 
fore unknown;  the  Manhattan  171  x  102  feet,  the  Brooklyn  168  x  102 


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58  NEW    YORK. 

feet.  Each  weighs  7,000  tons,  and  is  filled  with  8,000  tons  of  concrete. 
The  towers  are  not  solid  masonry,  but  consist  of  three  buttressed 
shafts  joined  by  connecting  walls  up  to  the  roadway  and  arched  above. 
At  high  water  line  the  towers  are  140  x  159  feet,  at  the  roof  course 
136x153  feet.  The  New  York  ends  of  the  four  cables  are  imbedded 
in  an  anchorage  930  feet  back  of  the  tower;  the  other  ends  are  fast- 
ened in  the  corresponding  anchorage  on  the  Brooklyn  side. 

The  Manhattan  Bridge  spans  the  East  River  north  of  the  Brooklyn 
Bridge.  The  Manhattan  terminal  is  at  the  Bowery  and  Grand  street; 
the  Brooklyn  end  opens  on  Nassau  near  Bridge  street.  The  river  span 
is  1,470  feet,  each  land  span  is  725  feet,  the  Manhattan  approach  2,067 
feet,  Brooklyn  approach  1,868  feet — total  length  of  roadway  6,855  feet. 
The  towers  are  322  feet  above  mean  high  water  mark.  The  cost  was 
$24,000,000. 

The  Williamsburg  Bridge,  from  Williamsburg,  Brooklyn,  to  Grand 
street,  Manhattan,  is  the  greatest  suspension  bridge  in  the  world,  with 
a  channel  span  of  1,600  feet,  a  length  of  7,200  feet  between  terminals,  a 
height  of  135  feet  at  the  center,  and  towers  335  feet.  The  bridge  is  118 
feet  wide  and  carries  four  trolley  and  two  cable  tracks,  two  roadways 
and  two  foot  walks.    The  cost  was  $12,000,000. 

The  Queensboro  Bridge  extends  across  the  East  River  from  East 
Fifty-ninth  street,  in  the  Borough  of  Manhattan,  to  Ravenswood,  in 
the  Borough  of  Queens,  and  is  supported  by  two  piers  rising  from 
Blackwell's  Island.  In  weight  and  carrying  capacity  it  is  the  greatest 
cantilever  bridge  in  the  world.  The  length  of  the  bridge  proper  is 
3,724  feet  6  inches;  the  entire  length,  including  the  approaches,  is  8,231 
feet.  The  Manhattan  approach,  built  chiefly  of  masonry,  1,051  feet  in 
length,  extends  to  a  pier  on  the  river  edge.  Here  the  truss  construc- 
tion begins  with  the  shore  arm,  470  feet  in  length,  of  the  westerly 
cantilever.  The  river  span  west  of  the  island  consists  of  two  canti- 
lever arms,  each  591  feet  in  length,  making  a  total  westerly  river  span 
of  1,182  feet,  dimensions  exceeded  only  by  the  other  New  York  struc 
tures,  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  with  a  span  of  1,595  feet,  the  Williamsburg 
Bridge  1,600  feet,  and  Scotland's  great  bridge  across  the  Frith  of 
Forth,  1,710  feet.  The  span  between  the  two  piers  on  Blackwell's 
Island  is  630  feet;  the  river  span  east  of  the  island  is  984  feet;  the 
shore  arm  of  the  easterly  cantilever  is  459  feet;  the  Long  Island  ap- 
proach is  3,455  feet.  The  superstructure  is  carried  on  masonry 
towers  which  are  185  feet  in  height  above  the  bottom  chord.  The 
clear  height  of  the  bridge  above  mean  high  water  is  135  feet.  The 
carrying  capacity  is  enormous.  There  are  two  floors,  the  lower  cne 
86  feet  wide  between  railings,  the  upper  one  67  feet.  The  lower  floor 
carries  a  roadway  56  feet  wide  for  street  and  vehicular  traffic,  and 
having  two  trolley  tracks;  and  two  other  trolley  tracks  are  carried  on 
extensions  of  the  floor  beams.  On  the  upper  floor  is  provision  for 
four    elevated    tracks    and    two    13-foot    sidewalks.      The    sustaining 


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strength  of  the  bridge  has  been  calculated  for  the  upbearing  of  250 
rapid  transit  cars  carrying  30,000  passengers,  300  trolley  cars  with 
30,000  passengers,  a  congested  traffic  on  the  promenades  of  55,000 
persons,  and  on  the  roadway  of  100,000 — a  total  of  215,000.  The  bridge 
was  designed  by  Gustav  Lindenthal.     Its  cost  was  $20,000,00. 


Grace   Church, 


Grace  Church,  set  in  the  bend  at  Tenth  street  and  closing  the  vista 
from  the  south,  is  one  of  the  most  familiar  and  most  highly  cherished 
of  the  landmarks  of  Broadway.  It  is  a  beautiful  structure  of  white 
limestone,  with  marble  spire,  in  the  Decorated  Gothic,  and  was  de- 
signed by  James  Renwick,  the  architect  of  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral. 
Clustered  about  the  church  is  a  group  of  buildings,  which  are  har- 
monious with  it  in  design;  even  the  high  wall  of  the  business  build- 
ing adjoining  has  been  made  to  comport  with  the  rest,  and  all  these, 
with  the  rectory  yard  with  its  lawn  and  shrubbery,  make  a  picture 
very  grateful  to  thousands  of  eyes  every  day.  The  church  door  is 
always  open,  and  to  turn  from  the  bustle  of  Broadway  into  the  hush 
of  the  aisles  is  like  finding  the  shelter  of  a  great  rock  where  the 
uproar  of  the  wind  is  stilled.  The  interior  is  rich  in  sculptured  decor- 
ation, and  the  memorial  windows  are  exquisite  examples  of  stained 
glass.  The  great  chancel  window  has  for  its  subject  the  Te  Deum; 
in  the  transepts  are  the  Saints,  and  the  Patriarchs  and  Prophets.  The 
altar  and  reredos  were  given  by  Miss  Catherine  L.  Wolfe.  The  porch 
is  a  memorial,  and  so  is  each  one  of  the  ten  bells  of  the  chimes  in  the 
tower,  the  great  bell  bearing  the  name  of  Rev.  Thomas  House 
Taylor,  for  thirty-three  years  the  rector.  The  rectory  is  connected 
with  the  church  by  Grace  House,  in  which  are  the  vestry  and  clergy 
rooms  and  a  library  and  reading  room;  on  the  south  is  the  Chantry, 
where  a  week-day  afternoon  service  is  held.  Grace  House  and  the 
Chantry  were  given  by  Miss  Wolfe.  In  the  rear  is  the  Grace  Memor- 
ial House,  given  by  Hon.  Levi  P.  Morton,  in  memory  of  his  wife;  a 
day  nursery  for  small  children  is  maintained  here.  In  the  rectory 
yard  the  great  terra  cotta  vase  was  brought  from  Rome,  where  it  was 
discovered  40  feet  below  the  surface  in  excavations  for  St.  Paul's 
Church.  The  sun  dial  has  a  pedestal  fashioned  from  two  of  the 
pinnacles  of  Grace  Church  as  first  built  at  Broadway  and  Rector 
street  in  1809.  The  present  edifice  was  completed  in  1846.  A  tablet  in 
the  right  entrance  records  that  the  church  stands  on  ground  which 
was  owned  by  Henry  Brevoort  (died  1841),  who  had  derived  it  in 
unbroken  descent  from  the  earliest  colonists  of  the  New  Netherlands. 
It  was  this  Henry  Brevoort  who  in  1836  prevented  the  cutting  through 


GRACE   CHURCH. 


61 


THE    RECTORY    OF    GRACE    CHURCH. 


of  Eleventh  street  from  Broadway  to  Fourth  avenue;  his  house  stood 
in  the  line  of  the  proposed  street,  and  he  successfully  resisted  the 
projected  opening.  The  bend  in  Broadway  at  this  point  was  caused 
by  a  deflection  of  the  street  to  meet  the  old-time  junction  of  the 
Bowery  and  the  Bloomingdale  road  at  a  point  now  at  Broadway 
and  Seventeenth  street. 

On  the  south  of  the  building  is  the  Grace  Church  Open  Air  Pulpit, 
overlooking  the  Huntington  Close,  a  bit  of  greensward  and  garden, 
dedicated  to  the  memory  of  Rev.  Dr.  William  R.  Huntington,  who 
was  for  many  years  rector.  Services  are  held  here  every  Wednesday 
at  12:30  P.  M.,  to  which  the  public  is  invited. 


Union   Square. 


For  the  pauper  and  the  stranger  dead  there  must  be  potter's  fields. 
To  the  successive  reservation  of  such  burial  places  on  Manhattan 
Island  we  owe  Washington,  Union  and  Madison  squares  and  Bryant 
Park.  Each  of  them  lay  originally  beyond  the  city  limits  and  was 
overtaken  by  the  growth  of  the  town,  its  use  as  a  burial  ground  was 
abandoned  and  each  in  time  became  a  public  park  with  trees  and 
lawns  and  winding  walks  and  fountains  and  flowers  and  statues  and 
nursemaids  and  children. 

Union  Square  lies  between  Broadway  and  Fourth  avenue,  Four- 
teenth and  Seventeenth  streets.  Broadway  makes  a  bend  here,  and 
the  cars  go  around  a  sharp  curve,  to  which  the  disasters  of  the  early 
days  of  the  cable  system  gave  the  significant  name  of  "Deadman's 
Curve."  Here  southeast  of  the  park  stands  H.  K.  Browne's  bronze 
statue  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  The  curb  bears  the  words  of  the  Sec- 
ond Inaugural :  "With  malice  towards  none,  with  charity  for  all." 
Across  the  Square,  the  equestrial  bronze  statue  of  Washington  (by 
the  same  sculptor)  stands  close  by  the  spot  where  General  Washing- 
ton was  received  by  the  citizens  when  he  entered  the  city  on  its 
evacuation  by  the  British,  Nov.  25,  1783.  Facing  south  on  Broadway 
is  the  statue  of  Lafayette,  by  Bartholdi.  of  Statue  of  Liberty  fame. 
It  was  erected  by  French  residents  in  1876,  and  was  dedicated :  "To 
the  City  of  New  York,  France,  in  remembrance  of  sympathy  in  time 
of  trial,  1870-71."  The  reference  is  to  the  period  of  the  Franco-Prus- 
sian War.  Lafayette  is  represented  as  offering  his  sword  to  America 
in  1776;  and  his  words  are  engraved  on  the  pedestal:  "As  soon  as  I 
heard  ot  American  Independence,  my  heart  was  enlisted."  The 
memorial  has  been  given  new  interest  and  significance  by  the  union 
of  France  and  the  United  States  in  the  World  War;  and  with 
Lafayette's  historic  words  will  ever  be  associated  the  salutation  of 
Pershing  at  the  Frenchman's  tomb  in  1917,  "Lafayette,  we  are  here!" 

In  the  west  of  the  Square  is  the  James  Fountain,  designed  by 
Dunndorf  and  given  to  the  city  by  D.  Willis  James.  It  is  a  much 
admired  bronze  group  of  a  mother  and  her  two  children.  The  foun- 
tain in  the  center  of  the  Square  flowed  for  the  first  time  Oct.  14,  1842, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  Croton  Water  Celebration,  when  a  procession 
seven  miles  long  filed  past  it  in  review  by  Governor  Seward. 

Fourteenth  street  leads  east  to  the  old  Academy  of  Music,  long  the 
home  of  opera  in  America  and  the  scene  of  Patti's  first  triumphs. 
Just  beyond  is  Tammany  Hall,  which  is  owned  by  the  Tammany 
Society,  a  benevolent  organization  founded  in  1789.  It  took  the  name 
from  Tammany,  a  friendly  and  popular  chief  of  the  Delaware  tribe  of 
Indians;  and  it  was  this  chief  who  gave  to  one  of  the  tribes  for  a  totem 
the    tiger,    which   was   afterward    adopted    by   the    Tammany    Society. 

62 


Madison   Square, 


Beautiful  as  a  park  with  its  trees  and  lawns  and  fountain  and 
statues,  the  Square  is  set  amid  distinguished  surroundings.  On  the 
west  is  the  Fifth  Avenue  Building,  on  the  historic  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel 
site.  In  the  northeast  the  Madison  Square  Garden  lifts  its  graceful 
tower  with  the  gilded  Diana  poised  on  the  pinnacle.  On  the  east  are 
the  Appellate  Court  House  and  the  Metropolitan  Life  Building.  The 
Metropolitan  Life's  stately  home  is  one  of  the  largest  office  buildings 
in  existence;  one  should  not  fail  to  see  the  white  marble  court  at  the 
Madison  Square  entrance  and  the  great  central  hall.  The  Square  is 
dominated  by  the  Metropolitan  Tower,  one  of  the  architectural 
wonders  of  the  world,  and  by  the  Fuller  Building,  which  stands  at  the 
23d  street  intersection  of  Broadway  and  Fifth  avenue,  two  of  the  most 
famous  streets  in  the  world.  The  building  is  popularly  called  the 
Flatiron,  because  the  plot  on  which  it  stands  is  of  flatiron  shape, 
with  the  rounded  point  toward  Madison  Square.  "The  Ship"  would 
be  a  sobriquet  quite  as  fitting,  for  from  Madison  Square  the  structure 
has  the  semblance  of  an  immense  ship,  bow  on,  about  to  plow  its  way 
through  the  Square.  From  viewpoints  far  up  on  Fifth  avenue  the 
Flatiron  towers  up  impressively.  It  is  300  feet  high,  with  twenty 
stories,  and  456  offices  above  the  fourth  floor. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  Square,  east  a  few  doors  from  Broadway, 
are  the  American  Art  Galleries.  On  Twenty-sixth  street  at  Madison 
avenue,  is  the  Manhattan  Club,  a  leading  Democratic  organization. 
The  large  office  and  loft  buildings  surrounding  the  Square  are  signifi- 
cant of  the  steady  and  resistless  northward  march  of  business  on 
Manhattan  Island. 

In  the  northeast  corner  of  the  Square  is  Bissel's  bronze  statue  of 
Chester  Allen  Arthur.  Twenty-first  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America.  Vice-President  Arthur  succeeded  to  the  Presidency  after  the 
assassination  of  President  Garfield  in  1881.  In  the  southwest,  near 
Twenty-third  street,  is  the  statue  of  Roscoe  Conkling,  Senator  from 
New  York,  1867-81.  The  figure  is  of  bronze,  by  Ward,  and  represents 
the  orator  in  the  attitude  so  familiar  to  his  audiences;  we  may  hear 
him  as  when  in  a  political  convention  he  stilled  the  opposition  uproar 
with  the  words,  "The  shallow  murmur,  but  the  deep  are  dumb."  The 
memorial  was  erected  by  friends  on  the  spot  where,  bewildered  and 
overcome  in  the  terrible  blizzard  of  March  12,  1888.  he  fell  exhausted, 
and  suffered  exposure  which  resulted  in  his  death.  Conkling  and 
Arthur  were  closely  associated  in  public  life  and  were  warm  friends; 
it  is  a  suggestive  fact  that  the  chance  circumstance  of  a  winter's  storm 
should  have  caused  their  memorials  to  be  given  place  here  so  near 
together. 

63 


64  NEW    YORK. 

The  drinking  fountain  at  the  southeast  corner,  designed  by  Miss 
Emma  Stebbins,  was  given  by  Miss  Catherine  Lorillard  Wolfe,  whose 
benefactions  to  New  York's  religious,  educational,  art  and  charitable 
objects  aggregated  $2,000,000. 

The  memorial  of  William  H.  Seward  occupies  a  conspicuous  position 
in  the  southwest  facing  Broadway.  It  is  of  bronze,  by  Randolph 
Rogers,  and  represents  the  statesman  seated  in  a  Senatorial  chair, 
with  pen  in  hand.  Those  who  knew  the  living  Seward  aver  that  the 
legs  were  not  the  prominent  features  here  presented;  on  the  con- 
trary, he  is  spoken  of  as  a  man  who  was  "all  head  and  no  legs." 
Seward  was  Governor  of  New  York.  United  States  Senator,  and  Sec- 
retary of  State  of  the  United  States  under  Lincoln. 

The  most  notable  adornment  of  the  Square,  and  the  one  which 
ranks  as  one  of  the  best  examples  of  contemporary  sculpture  pos- 
sessed by  the  city,  is  the  memorial  of  Admiral  David  Glascoe  Far- 
ragut,  by  Augustus  St.  Gaudens.  It  stands  in  the  northwest  corner 
of  the  Square,  facing  Fifth  avenue.  The  Admiral  is  represented  as 
standing  upon  the  deck  of  his  ship,  with  field  glass  in  hand  and  coat- 
skirt  flying  in  the  wind.  The  sturdy  pose  and  erect,  rugged  figure 
give  fine  expression  of  the  character  of  the  man  who  took  the  fleet 
past  the  forts  in  Mobile  Bay,  and  "whose  name  will  ever  stir  like  a 
trumpet  the  hearts  of  his  grateful  countrymen."  The  pedestal,  de- 
signed by  Stanford  White,  is  in  the  form  of  a  bench  with  high 
curving  back;  in  the  center  is  an  admiral's  sword;  waving  lines  sug- 
gest the  sea,  and  on  either  side  are  graceful  female  figures  in  low  relief 
personifying  Courage  and  Patriotism.   The  memorial  inscription  reads: 

That  the  memory  of  a  daring  and  sagacious  commander  and  gentle  great-souled 
man,  whose  life  from  childhood  was  given  to  his  country,  but  who  served  her 
supremely  in  the  war  for  the  Union,  1861-1865,  may  be  preserved  and  honored; 
and  that  they  who  come  after  him  and  who  will  love  him  so  much  may  see  him  as 
he  was  seen  by  friend  and  foe,  his  countrymen  have  set  up  this  monument  A.  D. 
MDCCCLXXXI. 

The  chief  events  of  Farragut's  life  are  outlined  in  the  biographical 
inscription,  which  reads: 

Born  near  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  July  5,  1801.  Midshipman,  1810.  Battle  of  Essex 
and  Phoebe,  March  28,  1814.  Lieutenant,  1825.  Commander,  1851.  Captain,  1855. 
Battle  of  New  Orleans,  April  23,  1862.  Rear-Admiral,  1862.  Battle  of  Mobile  Bay, 
August  5,  1864.  Vice-Admiral,  December  23,  1864.  First  Admiral  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  July  26,  1866.    Died  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  August  4,  1870. 

The  statue  was  presented  by  the  Farragut  Memorial  Association. 
An  interesting  circumstance  of  the  dedication  in  1881  was  the  presence 
of  three  of  the  sailors  of  the  Hartford.  At  the  moment  of  presenta- 
tion John  H.  Knowles,  the  sailor  who  lashed  Farragut  to  the  mast  in 
the  battle  of  Mobile  Bay,  assisted  by  J.  B.  Millner,  who  was  also  on 
the  flagship  Hartford,  drew  aside  the  drapings  from  the  statue;  and 
B.  S.  Osborne,  the  sailor  who  hoisted  the  colors  of  the  flagship  as  she 


THE   FLATIRON   AT  JUNCTION   OF  BROADWAY   AND  FIFTH   AVENUE. 


66 


NEW    YORK. 


ADMIRAL    DAVID    GLASCOE    FARRAGUT. 


entered  the  engagement,  displayed  an  admiral's  flag  as  a  signal  for  an 
admiral's  salute  of  seventeen  guns. 

Opposite  the  Farragut  statue,  in  the  triangular  plot  at  the  parting 
of  Broadway  and  Fifth  avenue,  is  the  Worth  Monument,  erected  by 
the  city  in  1857  over  the  tomb  of  Major-General  William  Jenkins 
Worth,  a  hero  of  the  War  of  1812  and  the  Mexican  War.  General 
Worth  was  the  first  to  plant  the  flag  of  the  United  States  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  and  the  first  to  enter  the  city  of  Mexico.  He  died  in  Texas 
in  1849;  in  J857  his  remains  were  interred  here.  The  granite  monu- 
ment bears  a  bronze  portrait,  the  legends  Ducit  amor  patrice  ("Love  of 


MADISON    SQUARE. 


67 


SEWARD    MEMORIAL,    MADISON    SQUARE. 


country  guides")  and  "Honor  the  Brave,"  and  the  names  of  the  battles 
in  which  General  Worth  had  part. 

Metropolitan  Tower. — On  the  east  of  the  Square  rises  the  tower  of 
the  Metropolitan  Insurance  Company's  home.  The  dimensions  are 
75  feet  on  Madison  avenue  and  85  feet  on  Twenty-fourth  street;  the 
total  height  is  700  feet.  In  general  design  and  outline  it  is  modeled 
after  the  famous  Campanile  of  St.  Mark  at  Venice,  which  was  taken 
as  a  prototype,  but  with  such  deviations  as  were  necessary  to  have 
the   Tower  in  architectural  harmony  with  the   main  building. 

One  of  the  interesting  and  unique  features  of  the  building  is  the 
mammoth  clock,  the  largest  four-dial  tower  clock  in  the  world.  It  is 
346  feet  above  the  sidewalk,  and  is  visible  far  and  wide  over  the  city. 

The  dials  are  built  up  of  reinforced  concrete,  faced  with  vitreous 
blue  and  white  mosaic  tile.  Each  dial  is  26  feet  6  inches  in  diameter. 
The  figures  on  the  dial  are  4  feet  high,  and  the  minute  marks  10^ 
inches  in  diameter. 

The  minute-hand  measures  17  feet  from  end  to  end,  12  feet  center 
to  point,  and  weighs  t.ooo  pounds;  the  hour-hand  measures  13  feet  4 


68 


NEW   YORK. 


*i 


Jl  3  e  S 


i  i :  S  s 

•        ;.»  iJ*  |  I 


MS 


n  ft-m  1 1; 


THI     METROPOLITAN     TOW  EH. 


inches  from  end  to  end,  8  feet  4 
inches  from  center  to  point,  and 
weighs  700  pounds.  The  hands  are 
built  on  iron  frames,  sheathed  with 
copper,  and  revolve  on  roller 
bearings. 

The  driving  power  of  this  huge 
mechanism  is  electricity,  none  of 
the  many  devices  connected  there- 
with requiring  any  manual  opera- 
tion, the  entire  installation  being 
automatic.  The  master  clock, 
located  in  the  Directors'  Room  on 
the  second  floor,  not  only  controls 
the  entire  tower  clock  outfit,  but 
about  100  other  clocks  throughout 
the  building,  as  well  as  several  pro- 
gram instruments  for  sounding  vari- 
ous schedules  of  bells  in  the  dif- 
ferent  departments. 

Through  the  medium  of  a  special 
transmitter,  minute  impulses  are 
sent  to  the  tower  clock  mechanism 
on  the  twenty-sixth  floor,  keeping 
them  in  exact  synchronism  with  the 
master  clock;  and  at  each  quarter- 
hour  electrical  impulses  are  trans- 
mitted to  the  electric  hammers  on 
the  forty-sixth  story,  and  simul- 
taneously are  heard  the  notes  of  the 
old  historic  Cambridge  chimes, 
composed  by  Handel.  Following 
the  fourth  or  last  quarter,  the 
hours  are  sounded  on  the  700-pound 
bell,  with  an  impact  of  about  200 
pounds.  This  blow,  struck  on  such 
a  large  bell,  may  be  heard  many 
miles  away. 

The  chime  comprises  four  bells, 
the  largest  weighing  7,000  pounds 
(key  of  B  flat);  the  second,  3,000 
pounds  (E  flat);  the  third,  2,000 
pounds  (F  natural),  and  the  small- 
est, 1,500  pounds  (key  of  G).  They 
are  mounted  on  pedestals  between 
the  marble  columns  outside  the 
forty-sixth  story,  and  are  said  to  be 


THE   APPELLATE  COURT  HOUSE.  69 

twice  as  high  above  the  sidewalk  as  any  other  large  bells  in  the  world. 

As  the  evening  darkness  draws  near,  at  any  predetermined  hour 
for  which  the  mechanism  may  be  adjusted,  hundreds  of  electric  lights 
appear  back  of  the  dial  numerals,  the  minute-marks  and  the  entire 
length  of  the  hands,  all  of  which  are  brilliantly  illuminated  with 
splendid  effect — a  feature  never  produced  by  any  other  clock  in  the 
world. 

Simultaneously  with  the  illumination  of  the  hands  and  dials,  an 
automatically  actuated  switch  lights  up  a  great  electric  octagonal 
lantern,  eight  feet  in  diameter,  located  at  the  top  of  the  Tower,  from 
which  powerful  electric  flashlights,  marking  the  hours  in  the  evening, 
may  be  seen  for  a  great  distance,  far  beyond  any  possible  transmission 
of  sound,  the  time  being  signalled  therefrom  as  follows: 

Each  of  the  quarter-hours  is  flashed  in  red  and  the  hours  in  white 
light.  One  red  flash  for  the  quarter,  two  red  flashes  for  the  half,  three 
red  flashes  for  three-quarters,  and  four  red  flashes  for  the  even  hour — 
these  latter  flashes,  followed  by  a  number  of  white  flashes,  marking 
the  hour. 


The   Appellate   Court    House. 

The  Court  House  of  the  Appellate  Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  City  of  New  York  is  on  the  east  of  Madison  Square  at  Madison 
avenue  and  Twenty-fifth  street.  The  exterior  is  decorated  with  sculp- 
tures, and  the  interior  is  rich  in  marbles  and  mural  paintings. 

The  caryatides,  by  T.  S.  Clarke,  which  support  the  cornice  of  the 
Madison  avenue  front,  represent  the  Four  Seasons  The  group  above 
(by  Karl  Bitter)  represents  Peace.  The  statues  on  the  pedestals  of 
the  balustrade  are  of  the  Great  Law  Givers:  Alfred,  Confucius,  Jus- 
tinian, Lycurgus,  Mahomet,  Manu  Vaivasbata,  Moses,  St.  Louis, 
Solon,  Zoroaster. 

Flanking  the  entrance  on  Twenty-fifth  street  are  two  large  seated 
statues  of  Wisdom  and  Force,  by  F.  W.  Ruckstuhl.  The  pedestals  bear 
the  inscriptions:  "Every  law  not  based  on  wisdom  is  a  menace  to  the 
State."     "We  must  not  use  force  till  just  laws  are  defied." 

The  bas-relief  of  the  pediment  (by  C.  H.  Niehaus)  represents  the 
Triumph  of  Law  over  Anarchy;  and  above  is  a  group  (by  D.  C. 
French)  symbolizing  Justice.  Reclining  on  the  window  pediments  are 
figures  ot  Morning,  Noon,  Evening,  Night,  by  M.  M.  Schwartzott. 

The  entrance  hall  has  a  wainscoting  of  Sienna  marble  and  pilasters 
of  the  same  material,  with  bronze  gold  capitals.  The  frieze  spaces 
are  filled  with  paintings,  and  the  ceiling  is  modeled  in  two  shades  of 
gold.     The  Court  Room  is  treated  in  the  same  manner.    The  bench. 


70  NEW    YORK. 

screen  and  dais  are  of  dark  oak,  very  richly  carved.  The  stained  glass 
dome  and  windows  are  inscribed  with  the  names  of  these  eminent 
jurists:  Butler,  Choate,  Clinton,  Fish,  Hamilton,  Jay,  Kent,  Legare, 
Livingston,  Marcy,  Marshall,  O'Conor,  Ogden,  Pinckney,  Shaw, 
Spencer,  Story,  Taney,  Van  Buren,  Webster.  The  mural  paintings  of 
the  two  apartments  are  symbolical  and  allegorical.  The  following 
description  of  the  series  is  adapted  from  one  published  by  the  archi- 
tect of  the  building: 

In  the  Entrance  Hall  the  frieze  on  the  north  wall,  facing  the  en- 
trance (by  H.  S.  Mowbray),  represents  the  Transmission  of  the  Law. 
The  subject  is  illustrated  by  eight  groups  in  the  following  order: 
Mosaic,  Egyptian,  Greek,  Roman,  Byzantine,  Norman,  Common  Law 
and  Modern  Law,  representing  distinct  periods  that  have  had  their 
influence  on  our  own.  The  groups  are  united  in  each  case  by  an 
allegorical  winged  figure  to  represent  their  transmission  from  one  age 
to  another. 

The  frieze  on  the  right-hand  side,  on  the  easterly  wall  of  the 
entrance  hall  (by  Robert  Reid),  represents  Justice,  supported  by  the 
Guardians  of  the  Law  with  sword  and  fasces.  She  gives  Peace  and 
Prosperity  to  the  Arts  and  Sciences.  She  holds  the  symbols  of  the 
Law,  sword,  book  and  scales.  Peace  is  followed  by  Education  teach- 
ing the  youth,  the  book  being  lighted  by  a  lamp  held  by  Religion. 
Prosperity  is  followed  by  Drama  (Tragedy  holding  the  mask  of 
Comedy),  and  Music  with  harp.  The  panel  on  the  south  wall  is  the 
same  subject  continued.  From  the  left  in  order  are  Poetry,  Painting, 
Sculpture,  Architecture  and  Fame. 

The  frieze  to  the  left,  on  the  westerly  wall  (by  Wi.  L.  Metcalf), 
represents  Justice.  The  two  lunettes  between  the  entrance  doors  on 
the  southerly  wall   (by  C.  Y.  Young)   represent  Law  and  Equity. 

In  the  Court  Room  the  central  panel  (by  H.  O.  Walker)  represents 
Wisdom,  attended  by  Learning,  Experience,  Humility  and  Love;  and 
by  Faith,  Patience,  Doubt  and  Inspiration.  The  figure  of  Wisdom  is 
intended  to  personify  Biblical  or  Spiritual  wisdom.  The  figure  of 
Love  is  meant  to  carry  out  the  sentiment  of  the  figure  of  Wisdom. 
The  panel  to  the  right  (by  E.  H.  Blashfield)  represents  The  Powers 
of  the  Law.  The  panel  to  the  left  (by  Edward  Simmons)  represents 
Justice  of  the  Law.  The  two  frieze  panels  to  the  right  and  left  (by 
George  W.  Maynard)  represent  the  seals  of  the  City  and  State.  The 
long  frieze  on  the  west  wall,  behind  the  dais  of  the  Justices  (by 
Kenyon  Cox)  represents  generally  the  Reign  of  Law.  The  small 
frieze  panels  between  the  pilasters  and  the  windows  (by  Joseph 
Lauber)  represent  Moderation,  Veneration,  Perspicuity,  Eloquence, 
Reticence,  Research,  Unity,  Fortitude,  Justice,  Truth,  Philosophy, 
Courage,  Patriotism,  Logic,  Knowledge  and  Prudence.  The  four  end 
panels  represent  the  four  Cardinal  virtues. 


1 


Fifth   Avenue, 


Fifth  Avenue  is  New  York's  fashionable  thoroughfare,  famed  for 
its  costly  residences  and  the  people  who  live  in  them,  its  hotels,  clubs, 
churches  and  libraries,  and  the  brilliant  social  display  which  gives  to 
the  street  its  dominant  air.  Such  was  the  description  of  the  street  in 
the  earlier  editions  of  the  Standard  Guide.  But  the  years  which  have 
so  transformed  other  parts  of  the  city  have  brought  tremendous 
changes  here;  the  homes  and  the  social  display  have  yielded  to  the 
advance  of  business;  mile  after  mile  of  brownstone  fronts  have  dis- 
appeared, and  in  place  of  them  have  come  commercial  buildings  and 
a  succession  of  shops  and  stores  which  give  the  avenue  a  new  archi- 
tectural distinction  and  one  of  unfailing  interest. 

Beginning  at  Washington  Square  in  the  south,  the  avenue  traverses 
the  heart  of  Manhattan  Island,  and  skirting  Central  Park  on  the  east 
extends  north  to  the  Harlem  River.  In  the  beginning  Washington 
Square  was  a  meadow,  which  the  city  converted  into  a  potters'  field; 
in  the  yellow  fever  years  thousands  of  rich  and  poor  alike  found  hur- 
ried burial  here.  The  cemetery  was  leveled  for  the  Washington 
Parade  Ground,  where  the  militia  drilled,  and  then  acquiring  repute, 
it  became  a  "square,"  and  fine  homes  were  built  about  it.  Some  of 
the  homes  remain,  but  the  park  now  has  usefulness  as  a  breathing 
place  for  a  congested  population;  and  its  goodliest  things  to  look 
upon  are  the  ancient  trees.  There  is  a  statue  of  the  Italian  patriot 
Giuseppe    Garibaldi,    presented    by    Italian    residents    of    the    United 


THE    WASHINGTON    ARCH. 

7i 


72  NEW    YORK. 

States.  A  bronze  bust  erected  by  engineers  of  America  and  Europe 
commemorates  Alexander  L.  Holley  as  "foremost  among  those  whose 
genius  and  energy  established  in  America  and  improved  throughout 
the  world  the  manufacture  of  Bessemer  steel."  The  large  building 
east  of  the  Square  belongs  to  the  New  York  University,  which  has 
here  certain  of  its  schools.  On  the  south  the  Judson  Memorial 
Baptist  Church  lifts  its  illuminated  cross  at  night.  The  Washington 
Arch,  spanning  the  drive  at  the  beginning  of  Fifth  avenue,  is  a  per- 
petuation of  the  one  designed  by  Stanford  White  for  the  celebration 
in  1889  of  the  centennial  of  Washington's  Inauguration  as  first  Presi- 
dent. It  is  of  white  marble,  77  feet  in  height,  with  a  span  of  30  feet. 
The  cost  of  $128,000  was  defrayed  by  popular  subscription.  The 
words  from  Washington's  Inaugural  Address  are  engraved  upon  it: 
"Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  the  wise  and  honest  can  repair. 
The  event  is  in  the  hands  of  God."  The  pedestals  contain  MacNeil's 
heroic  statue  of  Washington  as  General  of  the  Continental  Army, 
with  attendant  figures  of  Valor  and  Fame;  and  Calder's  Washington 
as  President,  with  Wisdom  and  Justice. 

The  aristocratic  mansions  on  the  north  of  the  Square  have  about 
them  a  fine  flavor  of  yesterday,  and  preserve  an  old-fashioned  air 
which  accentuates  their  dignity  as  conservers  of  the  old-time  gentility. 
The  first  few  blocks  of  the  avenue  retain  a  residential  air;  here  are 
homes  of  the  older  type  which  have  been  preserved  unchanged.  These 
houses  occupy  a  part  of  the  famous  Randall  farm,  which  in  1801 
Captain  Robert  Randall,  a  retired  sea  captain,  bequeathed  for  a 
Snug  Harbor  for  superannuated  sailors.  The  Harbor  is  situated  on 
Staten  Island,  and  is  still  supported  by  the  old  farm,  which  extends 
north  and  east  from  here.  At  the  time  of  Randall's  death  the  land 
was  valued  at  $25,000;  it  is  now  reckoned  at  $50,000,000. 

At  23d  street  the  avenue  crosses  Broadway  and  borders  Madison 
Square.  On  the  right  is  the  Flatiron  Building.  On  the  left  is  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Building,  on  the  site  of  the  historic  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel; 
and  the  vista  of  Broadway  stretches  away  to  the  north.  The  Farragut 
statue  and  the  Worth  monument  are  at  25th  street.  The  Marble 
Collegiate  Church  at  29th  street  belongs  to  the  oldest  ecclesiastical 
organization  in  the  city;  its  first  congregation  was  formed  in  1628. 
Filling  the  block  front  between  33d  and  34th  streets  is  the  Waldorf- 
Astoria,  famed  the  world  over  for  size  and  luxury;  a  count  taken  on 
the  Saturday  before  Christmas  shows  an  average  for  recent  years  of 
38,000  persons  entering  the  doors  on  that  day.  Murray  Hill  begins 
at  34th  street.  The  district  so  designated,  including  the  avenue  and 
the  side  streets,  was  long  the  most  fashionable  residence  section  of 
New    York. 

The  name  was  derived  from  the  farm  of  Robert  Murray,  a  Pennsylvania  Quaker, 
who  came  here   before  the    Revolution,   and   whose   house,   "Inclenberg,"   was   on   the 


THE    WASHINGTON    ARCH. 
Photo  by  Brown  Bros. 


74 


FIFTH   AVENUE. 


NEW    YORK    PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 
Photo   by   Brown   Bros. 

Boston  High  Road,  at  the  present  intersection  of  Thirty-sixth  street  and  Madison 
avenue,  one  block  east  from  Fifth  avenue.  The  Murrays  are  remembered  also  for 
a  signal  service  to  the  American  troops  in  1776.  On  Sept.  15,  1776,  Washington's 
forces  being  in  retreat  from  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  and  the  British  seeking  to 
intercept  them,  General  Howe  and  his  staff  halted  at  "Inclenberg"  to  inquire  how 
long  since  the  Americans  had  passed.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  was  only  ten  minutes, 
but  the  good  old  Quaker  lady  assured  the  British  officers  that  so  much  time  had 
elapsed  that  pursuit  was  hopeless;  and  the  day  being  insufferably  hot,  she  invited 
them  to  alight  and  refresh  themselves.  Then  with  cake  and  wine  and  woman's  wit 
she  entertained  them  and  detained  them  two  hours,  during  which  time  the  Americans 
made  good  their  retreat  to  Harlem  Heights.  A  son  of  these  Murrays  of  Murray  Hill 
was  Lindley  Murray,  who  published  a  famous  "Grammar  of  the  English  Language" 
in  1795,  and  with  reference  to  whom  it  is  often  said  colloquially  that  some  lapse 
of   speech   "would   make   Lindley   Murray    turn   in   his  grave." 


From  34th  street  to  59th  the  street  is  lined  on  either  side  with 
block  after  block  of  remarkable  buildings  whose  beauty  of  design  and 
dignity  reflect  the  character  of  this  part  of  the  avenue  as  the  richest 
shopping  district  in  the  world,  and  interspersed  with  these  are  banks, 
churches  and  club  houses.  Few  residences  remain,  some  have  been 
converted  to  purposes  of  trade;  others,  already  doomed,  are  awaiting 


BUSH    TERMINAL   BUILDING — HOME  OF   THE    STANDARD   GUIDE. 
Photo   by    Urown    Bros. 


76  NEW    YORK. 

demolition.  At  39th  street  is  the  Union  League  Club,  organized  by 
Republicans  in  1863  to  assist  the  Union  cause.  It  is  perhaps  the  New 
York  club  which  has  the  widest  national  reputation.  It  is  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  city,  with  a  membership  of  1,800.  Opposite,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  avenue,  is  the  closely-shuttered  Wendel  house,  built 
in  1856.  It  is  the  home  of  the  Wendel  sisters,  who  live  here  in  the 
utmost  simplicity  and  seclusion,  though  their  real  estate  holdings,  ac- 
cumulated by  a  brother  who  never  improved  nor  sold  any  of  his 
property,  has  an  estimated  value  of  eighty  millions. 

The  New  York  Public  Library  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  Croton 
distributing  reservoir,  extending  from  40th  to  426.  street.  The  building 
contains  the  general  administration  offices,  the  central  reference  col- 
lection of  over  a  million  volumes,  and  a  circulation  collection  of  30,000 
volumes.  It  was  built  by  the  city  at  a  cost  of  about  $9,000,000.  Carrere 
and  Hastings  were  the  architects.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  on  Nov. 
10,  1902;  the  building  was  opened  to  the  public  on  May  23,  1911. 

The  Library  is  in  form  of  a  rectangle,  300  feet  long  and  270  feet 
deep,  built  around  two  inner  courts,  each  about  80  feet  square.  The 
area  covered  is  about  115,000  square  feet.  The  material  is  largely 
Vermont  marble.  There  are  seats  for  768  readers  in  the  main  reading 
room,  and  seats  in  other  public  rooms  bring  the  total  capacity  up  to 
1,760.  In  the  main  stack  room  are  334,530  feet  (63.3  miles)  of  shelving, 
with  capacity  for  2,500,000  volumes.  Book  stacks  in  the  special  reading 
rooms  amount  to  about  70,000  feet,  with  capacity  for  500,000  volumes. 
The  main  reading  room,  on  the  third  (top)'  floor  of  the  building,  is 
reached  by  elevator.  Subject  to  a  few  simple  regulations,  any  person 
may  have  brought  to  him,  for  consultation  within  this  room,  practically 
any  book  in  the  building.  For  detailed  investigation  special  reading 
rooms  are  provided  in  various  parts  of  the  building,  where  a  reader 
may  have  direct  access  to  the  books  there  shelved. 

Forty-second  street  is  the  most  important  thoroughfare  crossing 
the  avenue.  It  leads  east  to  the  Grand  Central  Terminal  and  a  group 
of  hotels  and  office  buildings,  and  west  to  Broadway  and  Times 
Square  and  the  theater  district.  Here  at  Fifth  avenue  and  42d  street 
are  the  busiest  corners  in  the  world.  The  daily  crowds  passing  on 
the  street  east  and  west  number  about  115,000,  and  those  going  north 
and  south  on  the  avenue  about  85,000,  making  a  total  of  200,000.  To 
these  pedestrian  hosts  must  be  added  the  vehicles,  which  number 
19,650  in  twelve  hours.  This  enormous  traffic  makes  the  spot  one  of 
the  sights  of  New  York.  The  movement  of  the  traffic  is  regulated 
by  a  system  of  signal  towers  equipped  with  electric  signal  lights, 
which  are  displayed  alternately  at  fixed  intervals,  a  yellow  disc  for 
up  and  down  movement  on  the  avenue,  a  red  disc  signal  for  halting 
the  movement,  and  a  green  disc  for  going  east  and  west  across  the 
avenue.    The  control  tower  is  the  one  here  at  42d  street;  it  has  push- 


o   o 


< 

w 

E 


78 


NEW    YORK. 


ST.   PATRICK  S   CATHEDRAL. 
Photo  by  Brown   Bros. 


button  connections  with  the  other  towers  north  and  south;  thus  all 
the  towers  change  their  lights  simultaneously,  so  that  throughout 
the  entire  length  of  the  avenue  under  control  vehicles  and  pedestrians 
stop  or  go  in  unison. 

The  Temple  Emanu-el  at  43d  street  is  one  of  the  largest  Jewish 


FIFTH  AVENUE. 


79 


synagogues  in  the  city, 
and  is  regarded  as  a  fine 
example  of  Saracenic 
architecture.  West  of 
the  avenue  in  this  vicin- 
ity are  many  clubs,  the 
Century  and  Columbia 
University  in  43d  street; 
the  St.  Nicholas,  Har- 
vard, Cornell,  D.  K.  E., 
Bar  Association,  and 
others  in  44th  street,  and 
Yale  in  East  44th  street. 
On  the  northeast  corner 
of  44th  street  is  Del- 
monico's,  in  an  earlier 
day  the  most  famous  res- 
taurant in  America  and 
one  of  the  best  known 
in  the  world.  St.  Pat- 
rick's Cathedral  occu- 
pies the  block  from  50th 
to  51st  street;  in  the  rear 
of  the  Cathedral  is  the 
Archiepiscopal  Residence, 
the  home  of  the  Arch- 
bishop. 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral 
is  the  largest  and  most  beau- 
tiful Roman  Catholic  church 
edifice  in  America,  and 
holds  high  rank  as  an 
example      of     decorated     and 

geometric  style  of  Gothic  architecture  tc  which  belong  the  cathedrals  of  Rheims, 
Amiens  and  Cologne,  on  the  Continent;  and  the  naves  of  York,  Westminister  and 
Exeter  in  England.  The  architect  was  James  Renwick,  who  designed  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  in  Washington.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  August  15,  1858,  and 
the  edifice  was  dedicated  May  25,  1879.  The  material  above  the  granite  base  course 
is  white  marble.  The  cost  of  the  land  was  over  $60,000,  and  of  the  building 
$2,000,000.  The  seating  capacity  of  the  pews  is  2,500.  The  exterior  length  is  332  feet, 
breadth  174  feet,  height  of  spires  330  feet.  Of  the  seventy  wTndows,  thirty-seven 
are  figured,  their  subjects  drawn  from  Scripture  and  the  lives  of  the  saints;  and 
twenty  more  are  filled  with  cathedral  stained  glass.  The  principal  one  of  the 
figured  series  is  the  six-bayed  window  of  St.  Patrick.  The  High  Altar  at  the  east 
end  of  the  central  aisle,  has  a  reredos  33  feet  in  width  and  50  feet  in  height,  of 
carved  Poitiers  stone;  in  the  center  tower  of  the  reredos  is  a  statue  of  Christ,  and 
in  the  flanking  towers  are  statues  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  The  altar  is  of  purest 
Italian  marble  inlaid  with  alabaster  and  precious  marbles.  The  front  is  divided 
into   panels   representing   in   bas-relief   the    Last    Supper,    the   Carrying   of   the   Cross, 


HOME   OF    JOHN    D.    ROCKEFELLER,    JR. 


So 


NEW   YORK. 


as-**?-/ 


ST.   THOMAS  S    PROTESTANT   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH. 
Photo   by    Brown   Bros. 

the  Agony  of  the  Garden;  and  niches  contain  statues  of  the  Four  Evangelists.  The 
altar  tabernacle  is  of  marble  richly  decorated,  and  has  a  door  of  gilt  bronze  set 
with  emeralds  and  garnets.     The  Cathedral  is  open  during  the   day. 

The  Union  Club  is  on  the  northwest  corner  of  51st  street.  At  52a1 
street  the  former  home  of  W.  K.  Vanderbilt  has  been  converted  to 
the  use  of  a  trust  company.  At  53d  is  St.  Thomas's  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church,  a  fine  example  of  the  Gothic,  by  Cram.  North  of  the 
church  are  the  two  houses  built  by  Wm.  H.  Vanderbilt  for  his 
daughters;  the  upper  one  has  been  acquired  by  John  D.  Rockefeller 
for  the  protection  of  the  Rockefeller  colony  in  West  54th  street, 
where  Mr.  Rockefeller  lives  at  No.  4  and  his  son  at  No.  10.  On  the 
upper  side  of  54th  street  is  the  UNmKSrrY  Clui,   the   membership 


FIFTH   AVENUE. 


81 


THE  CORNELIUS   VANDERBILT   HOUSE. 


composed  of  graduates  of  universities  and  colleges.  On  the  avenue 
side  are  sculptured  the  seals  of  Williams,  the  Naval  Academy,  West 
Point,  Brown,  Cornell,  Hamilton,  Dartmouth  and  New  York  Uni- 
versity. On  the  54th  street  front  Columbia,  Yale,  Harvard,  Princeton, 
the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  Trinity,  Rutgers,  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  Union,  and  Amherst.  The  Fifth  Avenue  Pres- 
byterian Church  is  at  55th  street;  on  the  east  is  the  Hotel  St.  Regis, 
on  the  west  the  Hotel  Gotham.  At  57th  street  once  stood  the  home 
of  William  C.  Whitney;  it  was  here  that  President  Cleveland  received 
Li  Hung  Chang,  and  the  story  went  that  Earl  Li  was  so  impressed 
by  the  magnificence  of  the  spacious  interior  that  he  found  it  difficult 
to  believe  that  this  was  simply  a  private  house.  Now  there  rises  on 
the  site  the  $6,000,000  thirty-story  Heckscher  Building  with  its  gilded 
weather-cock  atop  the  tower  400  feet  above  the  pavement.  Nothing 
more  startling  has  been  done  in  the  architectural  transformation  of 
the  street.    The  new  Fifth  avenue    as  seen  looking    south  from  60th 


82 


NEW    YORK. 


street  is  amazing  to  one  familiar  with 
the  scene  in  the  days  of  the  avenue's 
residential  celebrity.  Here  at  57th 
street  opposite  the  Heckscher  Building 
on  the  east  is  the  $2,000,000  house  built 
by  the  late  C.  P.  Huntington,  now  the 
home  of  the  Cornell  Club.  On  the 
northeast  corner  the  Oelrichs  house  has 
long  been  used  for  business,  and  on  the 
northwest  is  the  Cornelius  Vanderbilt 
house,  extending  from  57th  to  58th 
street,  and  for  size  and  grandeur  one 
of  the  most  notable  in  America.  In  for- 
mer editions  of  this  book  note  has  been 
made  of  the  richness  and  magnificence 
of  the  interior;  but  even  this  house  has 
passed  from  the  list  of  Fifth  avenue's 
luxurious  homes.  In  1921  it  was  acquired 
by  a  syndicate  for  a  projected  business 
development;  it  was  sold  one  day  for 
$5,000,000,  and  the  next  day  was  resold 
for  $5,500,000.  Its  demolition  will  com- 
plete the  conversion  of  the  residence 
section  below  59th  street  and  bring  to  a 
close  a  chapter  in  the  history  of  Fifth 
avenue. 

From  58th  to  59th  street  extends  the 
Plaza  which  forms  the  entrance  to  Central  Park.  On  the  west  is  the 
immense  Plaza  Hotel,  and  on  the  east  the  Netherland  and  the  Savoy. 
The  Pulitzer  Fountain,  given  by  the  late  Joseph  Pulitzer,  founder  of 
the  World,  is  modeled  after  the  fountains  in  the  Place  de  la  Concorde  in 
Paris.  Here,  too,  is  St.  Gaudens'  equestrian  statue  of  General  William 
Tecumseh  Sherman.  The  Metropolitan  Club's  House  at  60th  street, 
of  white  marble,  with  Numidian  marble  halls,  is  reputed  to  be  one 
of  the  finest  club  houses  in  the  world.  On  account  of  the  enormous 
fortunes  possessed  by  the  members,  the  club  is  known  as  the  "Mill- 
ionaires' Club."  Next  to  the  Metropolitan  Club  is  the  residence  of 
Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  founder  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Children.  Mr.  Gerry's  is  the  first  of  the  long  succession 
of  palatial  residences  fronting  the  Park  above  60th  street,  which 
constitute  what  is  popularly  called  "Millionaires'  Row."  They  are 
houses  remarkable  for  size,  diversified  style,  and  the  architectural 
effects  of  the  exteriors;  and  yet  more  for  the  costliness,  lavish  luxury 
and  magnificence  of  the  interiors. 
The   double   house  at  65th   street   was   the  home   of   Mrs.   William 


r_  --.,-^£ss 

n- 

• 

B=PT--^!^j| 

THE    PULITZER    FOUNTAIN. 


FIFTH   AVENUE. 


*3 


THE    SHERMAN    STATUE. 


Astor  and  her  son  John  Jacob  Astor.  In  the  days  when  Mrs.  Astor 
was  the  leader  of  New  York  society,  she  and  Ward  McAllister,  the 
social  major-domo  of  the  era,  made  a  list  of  the  people,  numbering 
about  400,  whom  they  rated  as  select  enough  to  be  invited  to  the 
functions  here;  it  was  this  list  that  gave  currency  to  the  term  "Four 
Hundred"  as  signifying  the  recognized  members  of  New  York  society. 
Mrs.  Astor  died  in  1908.  When  John  Jacob  Astor  was  lost  on  the 
Titanic  in  1912  the  house  went  to  his  widow,  and  afterward  on  her 
remarriage  reverted  to  Vincent  Astor,  the  present  owner.  On  the 
lower  corner  of  67th  street  is  the  home  of  Elbert  H.  Gary,  chairman 
of  the  directors  of  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation.  The  wall  on  the 
next  block  (67th-68th)  incloses  the  Italian  garden  belonging  to  the 
house  which  was  the  home  of  the  late  Thomas  F.  Ryan.  On  the 
north    side    of   68th    street,    No.   781,   was   the    home    of   William    C. 


84 


NEW    YORK. 


THE   METROPOLITAN  CLUB. 

Whitney,  who,  after  paying  $650,000  for  the  house,  remodeled  and 
rebuilt  the  interior,  and  made  it  one  which  for  beauty  and  costliness 
of  decoration  was  at  the  time  reputed  to  be  without  a  rival  in  this 
country. 


It  is  furnished  throughout  in  the  Italiar  Renaissance  style,  the  aim  being  to  re- 
produce as  nearly  as  possible  a  Venetian  or  Florentine  palace  of  the  days  of  Leonardi 
da  Vinci  and  Michel  Angelo.  There  is  scarcely  a  modern  piece  of  work  to  be  seen, 
except  the  floors;  the  decorations  are  all  original  antiques  collected  abroad,  and  each 
the  most  perfect  specimen  that  skill  could  select  and  money  buy.  The  chimney- 
pieces  are  nearly  all  elaborate  works  in  marble  from  old  Italian  palaces;  the  hang- 
ings are  from  similar  sources;  the  ceilings  of  several  rooms  have  been  taken  bodily 
from  famous  buildings  in  Europe,  and  the  furniture  and  much  of  the  woodwork  are 
of  a  like  character.  In  the  principal  hall  a  portrait  of  Charles  I.,  by  Van  Dyk, 
hangs  at  one  side  of  a  short  flight  of  steps,  and  a  religious  piece  of  Lorenzo  Costa 
on  the  other.  Between  them  is  a  splendid  silver  hanging  lamp,  a  masterpiece  of 
old  Italian  craftsmanship.  The  dining  room  walls  are  covered  with  sixteenth  cen- 
tury Italian  wall  paintings.  The  chimney-piece  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of  its 
kind,  while  the  great  bronze  firedogs  are  said  to  be  the  finest  in  America.  In  the 
library  the  bookcases  and  paneling  are  of  old  oak,  carved  with  an  elaborateness  of 
detail  found  in  none  except  the  work  of  Renaissance  workmen.  The  ball  room  is 
reached  by  a  corridor  which  is  paneled  with  inlaid  woods  in  quaint  design  and  of 
very  old  workmanship.  The  ball  room  is  pure  Louis  XIV.  The  walls  are  entirely 
covered  with  paneling  in  high  relief,  which  was  once  in  the  chateau  Phoebus 
d'Albert,  near  Bordeaux.  In  the  time  of  Louis  Philippe  these  panelings  were  taken 
to  a  house  in  Paris,  and  from  there  they  were  brought  to  this  country.     Every  scrap 


FIFTH   AVENUE. 


FIFTH   AVENUE  LOOKING   SOUTH   FROM    SIXTIETH   STREET. 
l>hot«  ©  1921,  by  Irring  Underbill.   New  York. 


86 


NEW    YORK. 


THE   FRICK    HOUSE. 
Bhoto    by    Brown    Bros. 


of  furniture  in  the  room  is  also  of  the  Louis  XIV.  period,  the  ceiling  and  floor  being 
the  only  modern  portion  of  the  apartment. — The  New  York  Times. 

The  Frick  house,  which  occupies  the  block  between  70th  and  71st 
streets,  has  peculiar  interest  as  having  the  most  magnificent  interior 
in  New  York,  and  because  it  will  some  day  come  into  the  possession 
of  the  city  and  be  devoted  to  public  use  and  benefit.  The  house  was 
built  by  Henry  Clay  Frick,  who  came  here  from  Pittsburg  and 
retained  the  architects  Carriere  and  Hastings  to  build  the  finest  home 
in  the  city.  The  house  occupies  the  old  Lenox  Library  site.  Mr. 
Frick  paid  $2,400,000  for  the  land  and  the  house  cost  about  $3,000,000. 
It  is  a  long  low  structure  in  the  Italian  Renaissance  style,  set  back 
75  feet  from  the  avenue,  with  a  sunken  garden  and  fountain  and  pool, 
and  an  art  gallery  extending  from  the  house  to  the  building  line  on 
the  north.  The  splendor  is  within.  The  apartments  are  filled  with 
art  treasures,  chief  among  them  being  the  Fragonard  panels  ordered 
by  Louis  XV.  for  Mine,  du  Barry;  they  were  purchased  by  Mr.  Frick 
from  J.  Pierpont  Morgan  for  $1,250,000.  The  art  collections  in  house 
and  gallery  are  among  the  finest  in  existence;  they  include  about  140 
masterpieces;  and  their  value  is  computed  at  $15,000,000.  By  the  terms 
of  the  Frick  will  the  house  and  gallery  with  their  contents  will 
eventually  go  to  the  city  for  a  public  museum. 

Recessed  in  the  wall  of  Central  Park  at  70th  street  is  the  Hunt 
Memorial.  Tt  consists  of  a  bronze  bust  of  the  architect,  by  D.  C. 
French,  with  a  curved  stone  bench.  The  dedication  is:  "To  Richard 
Morris  Hunt,  Oct.  31,  1828 — July  31,  1895,  in  recognition  of  his  services 
in   the  cause  of  art   in    America,  this   memorial   was   erected   by   the 


FIFTH  AVENUE.  87 

Art  Societies  of  America."  The  gilt-ribbed  dome  of  the  Hebrew 
Temple  Beth-El  at  76th  street  is  one  of  the  architectural  features  of 
the  neighborhood,  and  has  place  in  the  vistas  and  views  from  the 
walks  and  drives  of  Central  Park.  The  interior  is  rich  with  columns 
and  arches  of  onyx.  At  77th  street  is  Senator  W.  A.  Clark's  $7,000,000 
mansion,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  examples  of  architectural  riot 
in  the  city.  At  82d  street  is  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art.  At 
90th  street  is  the  Andrew  Carnegie  house,  having  the  unusual  feature 
of  a  spacious  garden  surrounding  it.  At  100th  and  101st  streets  are 
the  seventeen  buildings  of  the  Mount  Sinai  Hospital,  which  is  the 
second  largest  private  hospital  in  the  world,  being  surpassed  only  by 
the  London  City  Hospital.  Extending  from  104th  to  105th  streets  is 
the  new  home  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Child- 
ren. The  home,  costing  $2,000,000,  was  the  gift  of  August  Heckscher 
and  Mrs.  Heckscher,  who  also  provided  an  endowment,  the  total  gift 
being  $4000,000.      In    the    next   block   is    the    Fifth    Avenue    Hospital. 

Metropolitan    Museum    of    Art. 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  occupies  a  site  in  Central  Park, 
the  imposing  East  Wing  fronting  on  Fifth  avenue  opposite  Eighty- 
second  street.  It  is  open  week  days,  Feb.  15  to  April  1,  10  to  5:30; 
April  1  to  Sept.  1,  10  to  6;  Sept.  1  to  Oct.  15,  10  to  5:30;  Oct.  15  to 
Feb.  15,  10  to  5,  Saturday  to  6.  Opens  Sundays  at  1.  Admission  25 
cents  on  Monday  and  Friday;  free  other  days. 

The  Museum  is  a  private  corporation,  founded  in  1870  by  a  number 
of  public-spirited  citizens,  and  managed  by  a  board  of  trustees.  The 
Museum  building  was  provided  by  the  city.  The  Metropolitan  is  the 
largest  and  richest  art  museum  in  America;  it  is  a  vast  storehouse  of 
treasures  in  the  several  departments  of  the  fine  arts;  all  times  and  all 
peoples  have  contributed  to  it,  and  we  shall  find  material  for  endless 
study.  The  most  advantageous  way  to  see  the  Museum  is  to  make  a 
series  of  visits,  devoting  each  one  to  a  particular  collection  or  group. 
The  province  of  the  Standard  Guide  is  to  indicate  only  in  the  most 
general  way  the  scope  of  the  collection.  Visitors  should  use  the  cata- 
logues and  booklets  devoted  to  the  several  collections;  these  are  sold 
in    the   entrance   hall. 

From  the  entrance  hall  on  the  first  floor  open  on  the  right  the  halls 
which  contain  the  collection  of  Egyptian  Art;  and  on  the  left  the 
halls  of  the  Classical  Department.  Other  divisions  of  the  first  floor 
comprises  the  Rodin  Sculptures,  the  vast  collection  of  Arms  and 
Armor,  the  Room  of  Recent  Accessions,  the  collection  of  Architectural 
and  Sculptural  Casts,  Musical  Instruments,  and  the  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan  Wing,  containing  the  collections  of  European  sculpture  and 
decorative  arts  given  to  the  Museum  by  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  father  and 


88  NEW    YORK. 

son.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  collections  of  paintings,  works  in 
the  precious  metals,  ceramics,  laces,  jades,  bronzes  and  textiles,  rugs 
and  objects  in  all  the  various  fields  of  art. 

American    Museum   of    Natural    History. 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  in  Manhattan  Square, 
at  Seventy-seventh  street,  is  open  from  10  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  on  week 
days,  and  from  1  to  5  P.  M.  on  Sunday.    Admission  is  free. 

The  present  buildings  form  part  of  a  group  which  will  cover  the 
entire  square.  The  departments  of  the  Museum  embrace  Geology, 
Minerals,  Mammals  and  Birds,  Vertebrate  Palaeontology,  Anthro- 
pology, Entomology  and  Invertebrate  Zoology.  The  collections  in 
the  several  halls  are  extensive  and  complete;  from  the  stuffed  effigy 
of  the  elephant  Jumbo  to  microscopic  specimens  of  beetles,  the  world 
of  nature  is  here  presented,  classified  and  labeled  for  study.  Among 
the  most  striking  exhibits  are  cases  of  taxidermy  groups,  exquisite 
representations  of  birds  and  mammals  amid  their  life  surroundings. 
Of  bird  specimens  for  study,  the  Museum  possesses  60,000,  and  of 
mammals  20,000.  In  Entomology  there  are  the  Jesup  collection  of 
economic  entomology,  Elliot  of  6,600  butterflies  and  moths,  Angus 
of  13,000  butterflies,  Edwards  of  250,000  butterflies,  Schaus  of  5,000 
moths,  Hoffman  of  5,000  butterflies,  a  collection  of  10,000  beetles  and  a 
series  illustrating  insect  architecture.  North  American  forestry  is 
shown  in  the  Jesup  collection  of  wood,  embracing  more  than  500 
specimens;  and  of  North  American  building  stones  there  are  1,500. 
Gems  and  pearls  are  shown  in  the  famous  Tiffany  collection,  pre- 
sented by  J.  P.  Morgan.  There  are  more  than  10,000  shells;  and 
marine  life  is  illustrated  by  extensive  series.  In  archaeology  and 
ethnology  there  are  collections  from  all  parts  of  the  world;  the  Chris- 
tian Missions  collections  number  thousands  of  objects  illustrating  the 
customs  and  domestic  life  of  different  races.  The  Hall  of  Man  is 
devoted  to  exhibits  illustrating  the  evolution  of  man. 


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Central   Park. 


Central  Park  extends  from  59th  street  to  110th  street,  and  from 
Fifth  avenue  to  Eighth  avenue.  It  is  two  and  one-half  miles  long  and 
one-half  mile  wide.  The  area  comprises  879  acres  of  diversified  wood- 
land, meadow,  lawn,  lakes  and  ponds;  and  the  Park  ranks  as  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  pleasure  grounds  in  the  world.  There  are  gl/2  miles 
of  roads,  5^  miles  of  bridle  paths  and  2854  miles  of  walks.  The  Park 
is  reached  by  the  Fifth  avenue  stages,  Madison,  Sixth  and  Eighth 
avenue  and  Broadway  cars,  the  Sixth  avenue  elevated  and  the  Subway 
to  Columbus  Circle.  The  principal  entrance  is  the  Scholar's  Gate  at 
Fifth  avenue  and  59th  street.  The  several  entrances  are:  Fifth 
Avenue — 59th,  64th,  67th,  72d,  79th,  85th,  90th,  96th,  io2d,  and  110th 
streets.  Sixth  Avenue — 59th  and  110th  streets.  Seventh  Avenue — 
59th  and  110th  streets.  Eighth  Avenue  (Central  Park  West) — 59th, 
72d,  79th,  85th,  96th,  100th,  105th  and   110th  streets. 

For  an  auto  tour  of  the  Park  one  may  enter  by  the  Scholar's  Gate 
and  follow  the  main  East  Drive  to  the  Marble  Archway  at  the  Mall, 
then  the  West  Drive,  with  the  Baseball  Ground  on  the  left  and  the 
Mall  on  the  right,  to  the  Terrace;  thence  past  the  Webster  Statue  on 
the  West  Drive  to  79th  street.  Thence  past  the  upper  Reservoir  and 
the  lawn  tennis  field  to  McGowan's  Pass*  and  Mt.  St.  Vincent,  and 
then  turning  south  follow  the  East  Drive  to  the  Obelisk  and  Museum 
of  Art;  thence  to  the  Fifth  avenue  gate  at  79th  street,  and  along  the 
East  Drive,  having  Fifth  avenue  on  the  left,  and  giving  glimpses  of 
the  Conservatory  Water,  where  the  boys  sail  miniature  yachts,  and  of 
Ward's  fine  statue  of  "The  Pilgrim,"  a  gift  from  the  New  England 
Society  to  commemorate  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  in  1620.  This 
brings  one  back  to  the  Terrace  Bridge,  and  from  here  the  route  is  to 
the  Scholar's  Gate. 

Entering  by  the  59th  street  gate  at  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh  or  Eighth 
avenues,  and  following  the  main  walk  toward  the  center  of  the  Park, 
we  come  shortly  to  the  Mall,  which  is  the  central  place  of  concourse 
in  the  Park,  a  broad  promenade  flanked  by  green  lawns.  The  Mall 
statues  near  the  lower  end  are :  replica  of  Sunol's  Columbus,  which 
stands  on  the  Prado  in  Madrid;  Shakespeare,  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward; 
Burns  and  Scott,  by  Steele;  Fitz-Greene  Halleck,  by  Wilson  Mac- 
Donald.    On  the  lawns  west  of  the  Mall  are  Ward's  "Indian  Hunter" 

*The  rocky  defile  of  McGowan's  Pass,  named  after  a  farmer  who  lived  nearby,  is 
associated  with  an  incident  of  the  Revolution.  On  Sept.  15,  1776,  stragglers  of  the 
American  troops  passed  through  the  pass  in  their  retreat  to  Harlem.  The  British 
in  pursuit  here  met  a  patriot  lad,  Andrew  McGowan,  and  pressed  him  into  service  to 
show  the  way  the  Americans  had  gone.  He  led  the  troopers  a  devious  course  over 
a  wrong  road,  and  thus  by  his  ready  wit  gave  the  Americans  time  to  escape.  Mount 
St.  Vincent  was  so  called  because  St.  Vincent's  Convent  stood  here  before  the 
property  was   acquired   for  park  purposes. 

90 


CENTRAL    PARK. 


9i 


and  Fratin's  "Eagles  and  Goat." 
A  colossal  bust  of  Beethoven 
faces  the  music  stand  near  the 
north  end  of  the  Mall,  where 
concerts  are  given  in  summer. 
The  Mall  terminates  at  the  Ter- 
race, which  overlooks  the  Lake, 
and  with  its  stairways,  elaborate- 
ly carved  with  fruits  and  flowers 
and  birds,  is  the  chief  architec- 
tural adornment  of  the  Park. 
Broad  flights  of  steps  lead  down 
to  an  esplanade,  in  the  center  of 
which  is  the  Bethesda  Fountain, 
designed  by  Emma  Stebbins;  the 
central  figure  represents  the 
angel  of  the  Pool  of  Bethesda; 
the  smaller  figures  typify  Health, 
Peace,  Temperance  and  Purity. 
From  the  Fountain,  taking  the 
walk  to  the  left,  following  the 
Lake  shore  and  crossing  the  Bow 
Bridge,  we  come  to  the  Ramble, 
whose  winding  paths  lead  to  the 
lower  Croton  Reservoir.  At  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  Reser- 
voir, on  the  highest  point  of  land 
in  the  Park,  stands  the  Belvedere, 
whose  tower  gives  a  wide  out- 
look over  the  park  and  its  sur- 
roundings. 

The  Egyptian  Obelisk,  which  stands  on  a  knoll  by  the  East  Drive, 
near  the  Museum  of  Art,  is  the  object  in  the  Park  which  many  of  us 
will  esteem  the  one  thing  best  worth  seeing.  Here  we  are  face  to  face 
with  antiquity.  The  monument  was  old  when  Moses  read  its  inscrip- 
tions in  honor  of  the  Egyptian  sun-god;  and  to-day  it  has  behind  it 
thirty-five  centuries,  during  which,  standing  as  an  imperishable 
memorial  of  the  Pharaohs,  it  has  seen  kings  and  empires  rise  and 
flourish  and  pass  into  oblivion.  The  Obelisk  stood  before  the  Temple 
of  the  Sun  in  Heliopolis  (the  City  of  the  Sun),  near  Cairo,  in  Egypt, 
where  it  was  erected  in  the  sixteenth  century,  B.  C.  by  Thothmes  III, 
who  reigned  1591  to  1565.  Two  hundred  years  later  Rameses  II  (1383 
to  1322),  the  Pharaoh  of  the  Bible,  added  to  it  inscriptions  setting 
forth  his  own  majesty;  and  four  centuries  after,  another  Pharaoh, 
Osarkon  I,  who  lived  about  one  thousand  years  B.  C,  recorded  his 


THE     PILGRIM. 


NEW   YORK. 


THE     MAINE     MEMORIAL. 
Central  Park,   Broadway,  Eighth  Avenue  and  Fifty-ninth   Street. 


own  name  along  with  those  of  Thothmes  and  Rameses.  Our  Obelisk 
and  a  companion  shaft  remained  standing  in  Heliopolis  until  12  B.  C, 
when  Rome  being  mistress  of  the  world,  Augustus  Caesar  caused  these 
monuments  of  the  Pharaohs  to  be  removed  to  Alexandria,  and  there 
erected  before  the  Temple  of  the  Caesars.  In  the  year  1877  the  com- 
panion obelisk  was  removed  to  London  and  placed  on  the  Thames 
Embankment.  In  the  same  year  our  Obelisk — known  to  the  ancients 
first  as  Pharaoh's  Needle,  and  afterward  as  Cleopatra's  Needle — was 
presented  by  the  Khedive  of  Egypt  to  the  United  States.  It  was 
brought  to  America  by  Lieut.-Com.  Henry  H.  Gorringe,  U.  S.  N.,  and 
was  erected  on  the  present  site  in  1881.  The  cost  of  the  removal  was 
$102,576,  which  sum  was  contributed  by  William  H.  Vanderbilt. 


CENTRAL    PARK. 


93 


Cleopatra's  needle. 


The  Obelisk  is  a  monolith,  or  single 
stone,  of  syenite,  from  the  granite 
quarries  of  Syene,  in  Egypt,  and  it  is 
so  hard  that  modern  stone-cutting 
instruments  make  no  impression  upon 
it.  The  shaft  is  69^2  feet  high,  7  feet 
9  inches  by  7  feet  8J4  inches  at  the 
base,  and  weighs  448,000  pounds.  How 
the  Egyptians  quarried  it,  transported 
it  a  thousand  miles  from  Syene  to 
Heliopolis,  and  erected  it  there  is  one 
of  the  unsolved  mysteries  of  antiquity. 

The  bronze  crabs  date  from  the 
time  of  Caesar.  When  the  Obelisk 
was  removed  to  Alexandria,  the  base 
was  injured;  to  repair  the  damage 
melted  lead  was  poured  /into  the 
crevices,  and  four  crabs  were  placed 
at  the  corners.  Only  two  of  the 
crabs  have  come  down  to  us;  they  are 
preserved  in  the  Museum  of  Art. 
The  crabs  now  under  the  shaft  were 
cast  from  these  originals  at  the  Brook- 
lyn Navy  Yard.  The  inscriptions  on 
the  claws  in  Greek  and  Latin  were 
made  by  the  Romans,  to  commemor- 
ate the  removal  to  Alexandria.  They 
read :  "Barbarus,  Governor  of  Egypt, 
erected  [this  monument]  in  the  eigh- 
teenth year  of  the  reign  of  Caesar. 
Pontius  was  the  architect."  The  sev- 
eral inscriptions  on  the  other  claws 
summarize  the  history  of  the  Obelisk. 
The  base  and  pedestal  were  brought 
from  Alexandria.  The  gilded  zinc  cap 
was  put  on  the  apex  in  1893.  The 
entire  stone  has  been  coated  with 
paraffine  to  protect  it  against  the 
weather,  for  the  American  climate  has 
proved  to  be  injurious. 

The  hieroglyphics  of  the  north, 
south  and  east  faces  may  for  the  most 
part  still  be  read;  those  on  the  west 
face  have  been  eaten  away  during  the 


£4 


NEW    YORK. 


centuries  by  the  blowing  sands  of  the  Libyan  desert.  On  each  face 
the  central  vertical  column  is  the  original  inscription  of  Thothmes  III; 
the  two  side  inscriptions  are  those  of  Rameses  II;  and  that  of  Osar- 
kon  I  is  on  the  side  near  the  lower  edge.  The  Egyptians  worshiped 
the  Sun  as  a  god,  and  regarded  the  king  as  the  Sun's  offspring,  and 
thus  a  divinity  on  earth.    The  Pharaohs  erected  the  obelisks  in  honor 


G 


gUjjj 


v^! 


IP 


THE    CARTOUCHES    OR    NAMES    OF    THE    PHARAOHS. 


of  the  sun-god  and  of  themselves.  The  sun-god  Horus  was  sym- 
bolized by  the  sparrow  hawk;  and  this  is  the  figure  which  appears  at 
the  top  of  each  column.  The  name  of  the  king  consists  of  a  group 
of  signs  inclosed  in  an  oval,  called  a  cartouche;  the  names  of  kings, 
which  appear  on  the  Obelisk,  may  be  identified  as  here  shown.  The 
inscriptions  on  the  several  faces  are  very  much  alike;  those  of  the 
east  face  still  stand  for  all.  The  central  column,  beginning  at  the 
top,  reads : 

The  heavenly  Horus,  the  powerful  and  glorious  bull  In  Thebes,  the  lord  of  the 
Vulture  and  Uraeus  diadems,  whose  kingdom  is  established  as  the  sun  in  the 
heavens.  He  whom  Turn,  the  lord  of  Heliopolis,  has  begotten;  the  son  of  his 
loins  whom  Thoth  has  brought  forth;  who  was  created  by  them  in  the  great 
temple  in  the  beauty  of  their  limbs,  who  knew  what  he  would  do  to  establish 
an  eternal  kingdom.  Thothmes  III,  the  king  of  Upper  and  Lower  Egypt, 
beloved  of  the  great  god  Turn  and  his  circle  of  gods,  who  gives  all  life, 
stability  and  strength  now  and  forever. 

Thus  Thothmes.     Then  in  his  turn  Rameses: 

The  heavenly  Horus,  the  powerful  bull  beloved  of  Ra.  The  king  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Egypt,  Rameses  II,  the  Sun,  the  child  of  the  goas.  Master  of  two 
countries,  the  Sun's  offspring,  Rameses  II,  a  youth  glorious,  beloved  like  Aten 
when  he  shines  in  the  horizon.  The  lord  of  the  two  countries,  Rameses  II, 
the  Sun's  offspring,  Rameses  II,  the  glorious  image  of  Ra,  who  gives  life. 

Across  the  base,  repeated  four  times,  is  the  inscription: 

Long  life  to  the   gracious  god— Rameses  II. 

And   then   five   hundred   years   after  Thothmes   and   three   hundred 
after  Rameses,  Osarkon  added  his  name: 
The  king  of  Upper  and  Lower  Egypt,  Osarkon  I,  the  Sun's  offspring,  Osarkon  I. 
Knowledge  of  the  hieroglyphic  writing  was  lost  in  the  early  cen- 


RIVERSIDE   DRIVE. 


95 


turies  of  the  Christian  era,  and  for  more  than  a  thousand  years  the 
world  could  not  read  the  Obelisk  inscriptions.  In  1779  there  was  dis- 
covered at  Rosetta,  in  Egypt,  a  slab  of  basalt  which  bore  an  inscrip- 
tion written  in  hieroglyphics,  and  also  in  demotic  and  Greek,  so  that 
it  was  possible  to  interpret  the  hieroglyphics  by  the  corresponding 
Greek,  and  this  afforded  the  first  clue  to  a  reading  of  the  Egyptian 
characters.  Further  research  gradually  recovered  the  entire  language, 
and  thus  the  Pharaonic  inscriptions  of  the  Obelisk  have  been  made 
intelligible  to  the  modern  world.  The  famous  Rosetta  Stone  is  in  the 
British  Museum;  a  cast  of  it  may  be  seen  in  the  Museum  of  Art  (No. 
59,  Hall  6),  where  we  shall  find  a  large  collection  of  Egyptian  an- 
tiquities. 


Riverside  Drive, 


Riverside  Park,  which  begins  at  72d  street,  extends  along  the  slopes 
and  bluffs  of  the  Hudson  to  158th  street,  forming  what  Sir  Henry 
Irving  has  pronounced  the  most  magnificent  residential  avenue  in  the 
world.  It  was  a  park  in  nature;  and  for  the  most  part  the  natural 
contours  have  been  preserved,  with  many  of  the  trees  of  the  original 
forest.  Along  the  bluff,  which  in  places  attains  an  elevation  of  130 
feet,  runs  Riverside  Drive,  one  of  the  grandest  and  most  beautiful 
urban  drives  in  the  world.  It  gives  a  succession  of  picturesque  views 
of  the  Hudson  and  the  Palisades,  and  is  lined  on  the  east  side  with 


HOME  OF  CHARLES    M.   SCHWAB. 


96 


NEW    YORK. 


SOLDIERS     AND    SAILORS     MONUMENT — RIVERSIDE  DRIVE. 


fine  houses.  The  Riverside  section  is  one  of  the  high-class  residential 
districts.  Occupying  a  plot  from  73d  to  74th  streets  is  the  home  of 
Charles  M.  Schwab. 

At  89th  street  is  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Monument,  to  commem- 
orate the  citizens  of  New  York  who  had  part  in  the  Civil  War: 
modeled  after  the  choragic  monuments  of  ancient  Athens  it  is  a  circu- 


RIVERSIDE    DRIVE. 


97 


lar  building  of  pure 
white  marble  with  a 
peristyle  of  twelve  Cor- 
inthian columns  35  feet 
high. 

The  Drive  is  adorned 
with  statues  and  monu- 
ments; at  89th  street  a 
copy  of  Houdon's 
Washington,  given  by 
the  city  school  chil- 
dren; at  93d,  Anna  V. 
Hyatt's  fine  equestrian 
statue  of  Joan  of  Arc; 
at  99th,  the  John  M. 
Carrere  memorial;  at 
100th,  the  Firemen's 
Memorial;  at  106th,  the 
Franz  Sigel  statue,  and 
at  110th,  the  Water 
Gate,  to  mark  the 
landing  of  Henry  Hud- 
son. 

The  boat  house  of 
Columbia  is  on  the 
river  bank  at  115th 
street.  East  of  the 
park,  at  116th  street, 
are  seen  the  build- 
ings of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity and  Barnard 
College,  and  shortly 
beyond  we  come  to  the 

ascent  upon  which  rises  the  Tomb  of  General  Grant.  The  spot  is  one 
of  natural  grandeur  and  beauty  of  surroundings.  The  bluff  rises  130 
feet  above  the  river.  Below  is  the  broad  expanse  of  the  Hudson, 
animated  here  and  there  with  sail  and  steam;  opposite  are  the  green 
slopes  of  New  Jersey,  with  the  Palisades  stretching  away  to  the  north 
until  they  soften  in  the  distance  and  merge  in  the  purple  haze.  The 
view  looking  up  the  Hudson  from  Claremont  is  justly  famous.  It 
would  have  been  difficult  to  find  a  site  grander  than  this  one  on 
Riverside  Drive  for  the  monumental  pile  which  New  York  has  erected 
to  the  memory  of  the  great  General. 

This  point  of  the  Drive  has  retained  the  name  of  Claremont,  from 
an  old  family  mansion  which  stands  north  of  the  Tomb,  and  is  now 


JOAN   OF  ARC. 
Copyright,    1916,    by    Irving    Underhill. 


98  NEW    YORK. 

the  Claremont  Inn  restaurant.  Beyond  the  Claremont  slopes  the  east 
drive,  circles  and  returns  on  the  west  side  of  the  Tomb.  A  steel 
viaduct  one-third  of  a  mile  in  length  spanning  Manhattan  Valley  pro- 
vides for  the  northern  extension  of  the  Drive,  which  gives  a  continu- 
ous elevated  boulevard  for  a  distance  of  ten  miles  along  the  Hudson 
and  the  Harlem. 


Grant's   Tomb, 


Grant's  Tomb,  on  Riverside  Drive  at  123d  street,  occupies  a  com- 
manding site  overlooking  the  Hudson,  and  is  itself  a  conspicuous 
object  in  the  river  views.  It  was  designed  by  John  H.  Duncan,  and 
is  constructed  of  white  granite  from  Maine,  with  white  marble  in- 
terior. The  proportions  are  imposing.  The  square  structure  is  90 
feet  on  the  side  and  72  feet  in  height;  the  circular  cupola  with  Ionic 
columns  is  70  feet  in  diameter,  and  the  dome  rises  150  feet  from  the 
ground.  The  apex  of  the  monument  is  280  feet  above  the  river.  From 
the  plaza  on  the  south  side,  steps  70  feet  wide  ascend  to  the  portico, 
which  has  double  lines  of  Doric  columns  before  the  entrance,  with  its 
massive  bronze  doors.  Above  the  portico  two  sculptured  figures  by 
J.  Massey  Rhind,  emblematic  of  Peace  and  War,  flank  a  panel,  on 
which  are  inscribed  the  words :  Let  us  have  peace.*  The  decorative 
scheme  provides  for  bronze  statues  and  groups  on  the  portico,  parapet 
and  dome. 

The  interior  plan  is  cruciform.  76  feet  between  the  walls.  The  four 
great  piers  of  the  rotunda  carry  arches  whose  crowns  are  50  feet  from 
the  floor;  the  circular  gallery,  supported  by  the  arches,  is  40  feet  in 
diameter;  the  dome  rises  105  feet  above  the  floor.  In  the  pendentives 
sculptured  reliefs  by  Rhind  symbolize  Youth,  Military  Life,  Civil  Life 
and  Death.  In  small  rooms  surrounding  the  rotunda  stands  of  battle 
flags  lend  a  touch  of  color.  The  hush  of  the  vast  chamber,  the  mel- 
lowed light  and  the  simplicity  and  dignity  of  all  combine  to  give 
solemnity  to  the  place. 

Through  a  circular  opening  in  the  floor  the  sarcophagus  is  seen  in 
the  crypt  directly  beneath  the  center  of  the  dome.  It  is  of  polished 
red  porphyry  from  Wisconsin,  and  is  supported  upon  a  pedestal  of 
granite  from  Massachusetts.  Upon  the  lid  is  the  name  Ulysses  S.  Grant. 

*Thig  was  the  concluding  sentence  of  General  Grant's  letter  of  May  29,  1868,  accept- 
ing the  nomination  for  the  Presidency.  It  was  the  expression  of  his  earnest  desire 
for  reconciliation  between  North  and  South.  The  historic  phrase  was  well 
chosen  for  perpetuation  here.  The  Civil  War  was  a  conflict  between  brothers;  its 
termination  meant  the  restoration  of  their  union.  It  is  fitting,  then,  that  this  monu- 
ment to  the  General  who  commanded  the  victorious  Union  armies  should  have  in- 
scribed upon  it  not  a  record  of  his  triumphs  over  the  enemy,  but  the  sentiment  which 
he  himself  uttered,  significant  of  the  end  for  which  the  battle  had  been  fought— the 
"peace"  of  reconciled  and  reunited  brothers— a  peace  the  realization  of  which  has 
made   Grant's  achievements  and   fame  the  heritage  of  a   common   country. 


Q 
<    o 

s* 

O  *t 
en 

O  - 

D  73 

W  M 

§  ?: 


roo  NEW    YORK. 

In  the  companion  sarcophagus,  a  counterpart  in  material  and  design, 
rest  the  remains  of  Mrs.  Grant. 

General  Grant  died  at  Mount  McGregor,  July  23,  1885.  The  remains 
lay  in  state  in  the  New  York  City  Hall,  and  were  viewed  by  300,000 
people  before  being  conveyed  to  the  temporary  tomb  at  Riverside. 
The  funeral  was  the  grandest  pageant  New  York  has  seen.  The  pro- 
cession was  eight  miles  in  length,  and  it  was  estimated  that  an 
assemblage  of  a  million  people  lined  the  route. 

The  Tomb  was  built  with  a  fund  raised  by  the  Grant  Monument 
Association.  There  were  90,000  contributors,  and  the  fund  with  ac- 
crued interest  aggregated  $600,000.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  by 
President  Harrison,  April  27,  1892.  Sealed  in  it  were  copies  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
Articles  of  Confederation;  a  Bible,  the  "Memoirs  of  General  Grant," 
and  American  flag,  badges  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  the 
Loyal  Legion,  and  eleven  medals  struck  in  United  States  mints  in 
commemoration  of  events  in  Grant's  life.  On  April  27,  1897,  the 
seventy-fifth  anniversary  of  his  birth,  the  monument  was  dedicated 
with  imposing  ceremonies,  a  military,  naval  and  civic  parade  in  which 
50,000  men  were  in  line,  an  address  by  President  McKinley,  and  an 
ovation  by  General  Horace  Porter,  President  of  the  Grant  Monument 
Association. 

Among  the  earliest  contributors  to  the  monument  fund  had  been  the 
Chinese   statesman     Li    Hung   Chang,   between   whom   and    Grant   a 
friendship  had  existed  srsje  their  meeting  in  China  during  the  Gen- 
eral's trip  around  the  world.    Each  year  after  Grant's  death  Li  Hung 
Chang  had  sent  to  the  Chinese  Minister  at  Washington  a  wreath  to  be 
placed  at  the  temporary  tomb.    When  Li  was  in  the  United  States  in 
1896  he  visited  the  tomb  and  laid  upon  the  sarcophagus  a  wreath  of 
smilax,  laurel  and  orchids.    The  following  year  he  sent  a  gingko  tree, 
to  be  planted  here;  it  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  Tomb,  and  the  bronze 
tablet  records  in  Chinese  and  English  texts:* 
This  tree  Is  planted  at  the  side  of  the  tomb  of  General  U.  S.  Grant,  ex-President 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  for  the  purpose  of  commemorating  his  great- 
ness,  by  Li   Hung   Chang,   Guardian   of   the  Prince,   Grand   Secretary   of   State, 
Earl  of  the  First  Order  Yang  Hu,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary of  China,   Vice-President  of  the  Board   of  Censors.     Kwang   Hsu,  23rd 
year,  4th  moon,  May,  1857. 

Near  Grant's  Tomb,  on  the  edge  of  the  bluff,  is  a  little  monument 
marking  the  grave  of  "an  amiable  child."  The  inscriptions  have  been 
blurred  by  the  passing  of  a  hundred  years,  but  we  may  read  them  still: 

Erected  to  the  memory  of  an  amiable  child,  St.  Claire  Pollock,  died  15      July, 

1797,  in  the  5  year  of  his  age. 

Man  that  is  born  of  a  woman  is  of  few  years  and  full  of  trouble.     He  cometh 

forth  like  a  flower  and  is  cut  down ;  he  fleeth  also  as  a  shadow  and  continueth  not. 

*With  the  pingko  or  maiden  hair  (Salisburia  adiantifolia)  was  planted  as  a  com- 
panion tree  a  Chinese  cork  tree  (I'hellodendron  amurense). 


MORNINGSIDE   HEIGHTS.  101 

At  the  time  referred  to  this  was  called  Strawberry  Hill,  and  here 
was  the  country  home  of  George  Pollock,  a  New  York  merchant. 
Shortly  thereafter  Mr.  Pollock  failed  in  business,  was  forced  to  sell 
his  Strawberry  Hill  property,  and  went  to  England.  Tn  a  letter  which 
he  wrote  thence  to  Mrs.  Gulian  C.  Verplanck,  under  date  of  Jan.  18, 
1800,  we  have  this  record  of  the  child's  grave : 

There  is  a  small  enclosure  near  your  boundary  fence  within  which  lie  the  remains 
of  a  favorite  child,  covered  by  a  marble  monument.  .  .  The  surrounding  ground 
will  fall  into  the  hands  of  I  know  not  whom,  whose  prejudice  or  better  taste  may 
remove  the  monument  and  lay  the  enclosure  open.  You  will  confer  a  peculiar  and 
interesting  favor  upon  me  by  allowing  me  to  convey  the  enclosure  to  you,  so  that 
you  will  consider  it  a  part  of  your  own  estate,  keeping  it,  however,  always  enclosed 
and  sacred.  There  is  a  white  marble  funeral  urn  prepared  to  place  on  the  monument 
which  will  not  lessen  its  beauty.  I  have  long  considered  those  grounds  as  of  my 
own  creation,  having  selected  them  when  wild,  and  brought  the  place  to  its  present 
form.  Having  so  long  and  so  delightfully  resided  there,  I  feel  an  interest  in  it 
that  I  cannot  get  rid  of  but  with  time. 

It  is  an  extremely  curious  and  interesting  circumstance  that  the  little 
grave,  which  thus  in  1800  was  the  subject  of  a  father's  solicitude, 
should  have  endured  through  the  vicissitudes  of  a  hundred  years,  and 
been  preserved  amid  the  changes  which  have  converted  the  remote 
country  seat  of  Strawberry  Hill  into  the  Riverside  Park  of  to-day — 
the  spot  of  isolated  seclusion  into  a  place  of  thronging  thousands. 
More  suggestive  still  is  that  chance  of  time  which  has  brought  into 
juxtaposition  here  on  Riverside  Drive  the  magnificent  Tomb  of  the 
great  General — a  nation's  shrine,  and  the  humble  grave  of  "an  amiable 
child,"  who  died  more  than  a  century  ago  "in  the  5  year  of  his  age." 

Morningside    Heights. 

It  was  Seth  Low,  then  President  of  Columbia  University,  who  called 
the  Morningside  Heights  the  "Acropolis  of  the  New  World";  and  to 
make  good  the  name,  crowned  the  plateau  with  the  Low  Memorial 
Library,  pure  Greek  in  design  and  with  Pallas  Athene  at  the  thresh- 
hold.  The  Library  was  given  by  President  Low  as  a  memorial  of  his 
father,  Abiel  Abbott  Low,  a  citizen  of  Brooklyn  and  merchant  of  New 
York.  The  Library  fronts  on  116th  street  and  is  approached  by  the 
South  Court,  which  is  the  principal  entrance  to  the  University  ground. 
The  court  is  350  by  130  feet,  and  consists  of  a  paved  esplanade,  with 
granite  wall  and  balustrade  on  three  sides,  and  great  Italian  stone  vases, 
fountains,  flowers  and  shrubs,  and  broad  steps  leading  up  to  the 
Library  grade,  10  feet  above  the  street.  It  is  in  the  Italian  style,  and 
is  an  architectural  feature  unique  in  America.  The  flag  standard  was 
presented  by  Lafayette  Post  No.  140,  G.  A.  R.  The  Library  building 
is  considered  one  of  the  purest  examples  of  classical  Greek  architec- 
ture in  America.     The  plan  is  that  of  a   Maltese   cross,   the  central 


102 


NEW    YORK. 


THE    LOW     MEMORIAL    LIBRARY. 
Photo    by    Brown    Bros. 

feature  being  the  rotunda,  vaulted  by  the  immense  dome.  A  panel 
above  the  portico  contains  the  record  of  Columbia's  past: 
King's  College,  founded  In  the  Province  of  New  York  by  royal  charter  in  the 
reign  of  George  II.  Perpetuated  as  Columbia  College  by  the  people  of  the  State 
of  New  York  when  they  became  free  and  independent;  maintained  and  cherished 
from  generation  to  generation  for  the  advancement  of  the  public  good  and  the 
glory  of  Almighty  God. 

In  the  Library  is  treasured  the  old  iron  crown  that  once  formed  the 
finial  of  King's  College.  The  reading  room  is  open  to  the  public 
daily  and  at  night. 

The  University  grounds  comprise  eighteen  acres.  The  Campus  at 
the  north  end  of  the  grounds  with  its  groves,  is  surrounded  with  a 
massive  iron  fence;  this  has  on  the  Broadway  side  a  bronze  gate, 
which  is  a  memorial  of  Herbert  Mapes  ('00  Arts  and  '02  Mines),  who 
shortly  after  graduation  sacrificed  his  life  in  an  endeavor  to  rescue 
two  girls  from  death  by  drowning. 

Columbia  occupies  historical  ground.  Embedded  in  the  masonry  of 
the  Engineering  Building  on  the  Broadway  side  is  a  bronze  tablet 
erected  by  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution — 

To  commemorate  the  Battle  of  Harlem  Heights,  won  by 
Washington's    troops    on    this    site,    September    16,    1776. 


MORNINGSIDE  HEIGHTS.  103 

The  relief  pictures  the  charge  of  the  Rangers  and  riflemen  under 
Major  Andrew  Leitch,  of  Virginia,  and  Colonel  Thomas  Knowlton,  of 
Connecticut.  Leitch  is  represented  as  fallen,  and  Knowlton  with 
waving  sword  encouraging  his  men.  Both  were  mortally  wounded 
in  the  charge,  Knowlton  bequeathing  to  us  his  dying  declaration,  "I 
do  not  value  my  life  if  we  but  get  the  day."  In  the  main  battle 
which  followed,  on  the  plateau  which  lies  to  the  west,  the  Americans 
did  "get  the  day"  in  the  face  of  superior  numbers,  and  won  a  victory 
which  inspired  lasting  courage  and  confidence  in  the  Patriot  army. 

Across  Broadway  from  Columbia  is  Barnard  College,  for  women, 
the  three  halls — Fisk,  Milbank  and  Brinkerhoff — forming  an  attractive 
quadrangle  on  119th  street.  The  College,  which  took  his  name  from 
Dr.  Charles  Barnard,  a  former  President  of  Columbia,  is  a  department 
of  the  University.  Hamilton  Court,  a  dormitory  for  Columbia  stu- 
dents, with  rooms  for  1,000,  is  on  Amsterdam  avenue  northeast  of  the 
University  grounds.  The  Columbia  Boat  House  on  the  Hudson  at  the 
foot  of  115th  street  was  given  by  Edwin  Gould,  a  graduate  of  1888. 
The  athletic  field  is  at  Williamsbridge.  The  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  a  department  of  Columbia,  is  on  West  59th  street. 

Teachers'  College,  opposite  Columbia,  at  120th  street,  is  for  the 
training  of  teachers.  Tt  was  founded  in  1886  by  Miss  Grace  Dodge, 
and  is  now  a  part  of  Columbia  University.  The  Horace  Mann  School 
is  a  large  private  school  conducted  in  connection  with  the  College. 
Visitors  are  welcome  from  Monday  to  Friday  inclusive,  in  the  College. 

Overlooking  Morningside  Park  at  116th  street  and  Morningside 
avenue  is  the  monument  by  Karl  Bitter  in  memory  of  Carl  Schurz, 
Defender  of  Liberty  and  Friend  of  Human  Right. 

Cathedral    of   St.    John    the    Divine. 

The  Cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Divine  (Protestant  Episcopal)  is 
building  on  Cathedral  Heights,  a  name  which  has  been  given  to  the 
southern  end  of  Morningside  Heights,  between  Morningside  Park  and 
Amsterdam  avenue.  The  site,  which  embraces  three  city  blocks,  from 
110th  to  113th  streets,  cost  $850,000.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  in  1892; 
the  whole  structure  will  be  built  in  from  forty  to  fifty  years,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  $6,000,000. 

The  exterior  length  is  520  feet,  width  of  front  172  feet,  across  the 
transepts  290  feet.  Of  the  seven  towers,  the  four  on  the  sides  are  158 
feet,  the  two  in  front  284  feet,  and  the  central  tower  will  rise  445  feet 
from  floor  to  top  of  cross.  The  nave  is  180  feet  long,  the  chancel  vault 
115  feet  high.  Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  Cathedral  surpasses  any  other 
ecclesiastical  edifice  in  America,  and  in  its  dignity  of  design,  grandeur 
of  proportions  and  superb  situation,  takes  rank  with  the  great 
cathedrals  of  the  Old  World.    The  Cathedral  may  be  seen  by  visitors 


104  NEW    YORK. 

at  any  time  (except  during  hours  of  service)  between  7:30  A.  M. 
and  5  130  P.  M. 

A  feature  of  the  Choir  is  the  eight  pillars  surrounding  the  three 
sides  of  the  altar;  these  are  mammoth  monoliths  of  polished  Maine 
granite,  each  one  54  feet  6  inches  high  and  6  feet  in  diameter,  and 
weighing  120  tons.  These  are  building  stones  surpassed  only  by  the 
60-foot  columns  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Isaac  in  Petrograd.  Sur- 
rounding the  Choir  are  the  seven  Chapels  of  Tongues,  representing 
seven  different  rites.    All  are  memorials. 

One  should  not  fail  to  use  the  official  Guide  Book,  which  may  be 
procured  from  the  verger  or  usher.  Only  by  its  use  may  the  Cathedral 
be  seen  intelligently  and  appreciated. 

The  route  is  by  Seventh  Avenue  Subway  to  110th  street  station 
(marked  Cathedral  Parkway),  Broadway  or  Amsterdam  avenue 
surface  line  to  112th  street,  Sixth  avenue  elevated  to  110th  street,  or 
Fifth  avenue  bus  No.  4,  which  runs  through  110th  street. 

Opposite  the  Cathedral  grounds  on  113th  street  is  St.  Luke's  Hos- 
pital, Protestant  Episcopal,  one  of  the  noble  institutions  of  the  city. 

The  Viaduct  at  155th  street,  four-fifths  mile  long,  which  connects 
Washington  Heights,  by  way  of  the  Central  Bridge,  with  Jerome 
avenue,  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000,  and  ranks  as  one  of  the 
greatest  of  the  engineering  works  of  its  class. 

Hispanic  Society  of  America. — The  library  and  museum  of  the 
Hispanic  Society  of  America  is  in  Audubon  Park,  156th  street,  near 
Broadway.  The  library,  art  collection  and  historical  objects  were  gath- 
ered by  Archer  M.  Huntington,  who  endowed  the  Hispanic  Society 
and  gave  the  land  upon  which  the  museum  stands.  The  Society's  pur- 
pose is  to  make  the  library  and  museum  useful  to  students  and  literary 
men.  The  society  was  founded  by  Mr.  Huntington  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  the  people  of  the  United  States  who  are  interested  in  Spanish 
history,  art  and  literature  into  closer  relations  with  the  Spanish  and 
Portuguese  people  and  those  of  the  same  blood  in  South  America. 
Mr.  Huntington  spent  more  than  eighteen  years  in  making  the  collec- 
tions, and  they  are  the  largest  of  their  kind  in  this  country  and  among 
the  most  important  in  the  world.  The  institution  is  open  to  the  public. 
Among  the  objects  in  the  museum  interesting  to  students  of  Hispanic 
subjects  is  a  pair  of  bronze  Arabic  doors,  which  flank  the  main  en- 
trance. These  doors,  which  came  from  a  Cairo  mosque,  were  built  by 
1  Mameluke  general  in  1381.  The  museum  contains  examples  of  pot- 
tery dating  from  the  fifth  century  before  Christ  to  the  present  time, 
and  also  includes  silver,  medals,  coins  and  textiles,  beside  some  six- 
teenth century  carvings  in  wood,  marble  and  ironwork.  Spanish- 
America  is  also  historically  and  artistically  represented.  There  are 
more    than    50,000   volumes    in    the    library,    on    ancient   and    modern 


io6  NEW    YORK. 

Spanish  and  Portuguese  subjects.    The  Hispanic  Society  of  America  is 
an  endowed  society,  its  members  paying  no  dues. 

The  Museum  of  the  American  Indian. — Heye  Foundation,  at  Broad- 
way and  155th  street,  is  devoted  to  the  preservation  of  records  of  the 
races  which  inhabited  this  continent  in  pre-Columbian  times.  The 
collections,  comprising  1,800,000  specimens  typical  of  the  Red  Man's 
culture,  have  been  gathered  from  every  corner  of  the  United  States, 
from  Canada,  the  West  Indies  and  Central  and  South  America.  The 
Museum  is  open  week  days,  10  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.;  Sundays  and  holi- 
days, 1  P.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 

The  Jumel  Mansion,  a  fine  example  of  Colonial  architecture,  at 
160th  street,  near  Amsterdam  avenue,  is  the  most  famous  historic 
house  on  Manhattan  Island.  It  was  built  in  1763  by  Roger  Morris,  the 
husband  of  that  Mary  Philipse,  for  whose  hand  the  young  Virginia 
Colonel,  George  Washington,  is  said  to  have  been  an  unsuccessful 
suitor.  W  hen  the  Revolutionary  War  began,  Roger  Morris,  who  had 
resigned  a  Lieutenant-Colonelcy  in  the  British  Army,  and  who  was 
then  a  member  of  the  King's  Council  for  the  Colonies,  fled  the  coun- 
try, taking  ship  for  England  in  May,  1775.  Mrs.  Morris  remained  in 
possession  of  the  Mansion  and  of  her  town  house  at  the  corner  of 
Stone  street  and  Whitehall.  General  Washington  took  the  Mansion 
for  his  headquarters  on  his  retreat  from  New  York,  and  occupied  it 
for  thirty-six  days.  The  great  salon  in  the  extension  was  his  Council 
Chamber,  and  the  rear  room  above  was  his  bedroom.  The  house  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  British  with  the  capture  of  Fort  Washington, 
and  was  the  headquarters  of  General  Sir  Henry  Clinton  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1777,  and  of  Lieutenant-General  Baron  von  Knyphausen  in 
1778.  After  the  war  it  was  a  tavern  on  the  Albany  stage  road,  the  first 
stopping  place  out  of  New  York,  where  the  first  change  of  horses  was 
made.  The  house  was  then  known  as  Calumet  Hall.  It  was  a  farm 
house  in  1790,  when  General  Washington  gave  a  dinner  in  the  old 
house  to  his  Cabinet  officers  and  their  ladies.  Among  his  guests  were 
Alexander  Hamilton  and  Mrs.  Hamilton,  John  Adams  and  Abigail 
Adams,  his  wife,  General  and  Mrs.  Knox,  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Mrs. 
Tobias  Leer.  The  estate,  comprising  the  Mansion  and  thirty-six 
acres  of  land,  were  bought  in  1810  by  Stephen  Jumel,  a  rich  French 
merchant,  from  Leonard  Parkinson,  for  a  little  less  than  $10,000. 
M.  Jumel  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Washington,  and  he  devoted  his 
money  and  his  energy  to  restoring  the  house  to  what  it  had  been  in 
Washington's  time.  He  had  the  old  green  Colonial  paper  reproduced 
in  France  and  restored  to  the  walls  of  the  Council  Chamber,  where  it 
hung  altogether  for  120  years.  In  1815  he  went  to  France  in  his  own 
ship,  the  "Eliza,"  named  after  his  wife,  who  accompanied  him,  with 
the  purpose  of  bringing  back  Napoleon  to  the  house  that  had  sheltered 
Washington.     The  Emperor  was  unable  to  accept  the  hospitality  of 


NEW    YORK. 


107 


ROGER    MORRIS     HOUSE JU.MEL    MANSION. 


M.  Jumel,  but  he  gave  to  the  Jumels  his  traveling  carriage  and  his 
campaigning  trunk.  After  the  death  of  her  husband,  Madame  Jumel 
married  Aaron  Burr,  but  soon  divorced  him.  She  was  a  famous  his- 
torical character,  who  used  to  drive  in  a  coach-and-four  with  postil- 
lions. She  entertained  such  famous  guests  as  Lafayette,  Louis  Na- 
poleon, Joseph  Bonaparte,  and  Jerome  Bonaparte.  She  died  in  1865. 
The  house  is  owned  by  the  city,  and  with  the  grounds  is  included  in 
the  park  system.  It  is  in  the  care  of  the  Washington  Headquarters' 
Association  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  con- 
tains a  museum  of  Revolutionary  relics.  It  is  open  to  visitors  on  every 
day  in  the  year  from  9  o'clock  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  The  route  is  by 
Seventh  Avenue  Subway  to  157th  street,  thence  walk  of  six  blocks;  or 
by  No.  3  bus  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Bus  Line  (which  runs  up  St. 
Nicholas  avenue)  to  160th  street. 

The  Harlem  River,  seven  miles  long,  separates  Manhattan  Island 
from  the  mainland.  It  connects  the  Hudson  with  the  East  River  and 
Long  Island  Sound,  and  Congress  has  made  it  a  ship  canal  for  ap- 
proach to  the  Sound  without  going  through  Hell  Gate. 

High  Bridge,  at  West  175th  street,  carried  across  the  Harlem  the 
original  Croton  aqueduct,  which  brings  the  city  water  from  Croton 
River  and  Lake  in  Westchester  county.  The  bridge  is  1,460  feet  in 
length;   the  crown  of  the  highest  of  the  fourteen  arches  is   116  feet 


io8 


NEW    YORK. 


THE   WASHINGTON    BRIDGE 


above  the  river.  The  footway  affords  fine  views,  and  from  below  the 
arches  give  many  pleasing  vistas.  The  grounds  adjacent  constitute 
the  High  Bridge  Park. 

The  Washington  Bridge,  just  north  of  High  Bridge,  at  West  181st 
street,  is  an  imposing  structure  of  steel,  iron  and  granite.  It  is  2,384 
feet  in  length  and  80  feet  wide;  the  two  central  arches  have  a  span  of 
510  feet  each,  and  their  crowns  are  135  feet  above  the  river.  The  cost 
was  nearly  $2,700,000.  The  river  slope  has  been  made  a  public  park. 
The  view  to  the  north  is  toward  Kingsbridge.  On  the  left  are  Wash- 
ington Heights  and  Fort  George,  named  from  a  Revolutionary 
redoubt.  On  the  east  side  of  the  river  are  Morris  Heights  and  Uni- 
versity Heights,  where  may  be  seen  the  dome  of  the  University 
Library.  Beyond  is  the  tower  of  the  Webb  Academy  and  Home  for 
Shipbuilders,  founded  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000  by  the  New  York  ship- 
builder, William  H.  Webb. 

Van  Cortlandt  Park,  at  the  extreme  north  end  of  the  city,  com- 
prises in  its  diversified  area  a  high  ridge  which  carries  the  Croton 
aqueduct,  a  wide  level  plain  which  is  a  parade  ground  of  the  National 
Guard,  and  a  lake  resorted  to  in  winter  by  skaters  and  players  of  the 
Scotch  game  of  curling;  then  there  are  golf  links,  ball  grounds,  and, 
as  the  chief  thing  of  interest,  the  Van  Cortlandt  Mansion.  The  house, 
an  interesting  example  of  Dutch  architecture,  was  built  by  Frederick 
Van  Cortlandt  in  1748;  and  the  thick  rubble  stone  walls  are  as  solid 


NEW    YORK.  109 


THE    HALL    OF    FAME. 
Photo   by   Brown    Bros. 

to-day  as  a  century  and  a  half  ago.  In  1896  the  house  was  given  by 
the  Park  Commission  into  the  custody  of  the  Colonial  Dames  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  by  whom  it  is  maintained  as  a  public  museum.  It 
is  open  daily,  10  to  6  in  summer,  10  to  5  in  winter;  2  to  6  on  Sunday. 
Admission  25  cents  on  Thursdays,  on  other  days  free. 

The  Poe  Cottage  at  Grand  Concourse  and  East  194th  street  is 
reached  by  the  East  (Lexington  Avenue)  Subway  to  Kingsbridge 
Road  station,  thence  a  short  walk  east.  The  cottage  is  preserved  as  a 
memorial  ot  Edgar  Allen  Poe,  whose  home  it  was  from  1846  to  1849, 
and  it  has  been  restored  so  far  as  possible  to  its  condition  then.  The 
rooms  contain  Poe's  rocking  chair,  his  Bible,  and  the  bed  on  which 
his  wife  Virginia  died  in  1847;  and  there  are  many  other  antiques.  In 
Poe  Park  nearby  is  a  bronze  bust  of  the  poet  by  E.  T.  Quinn,  and  not 
far  away  Poe's  name  has  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame. 

The  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans  is  at  University  Heights, 
and  is  reached  by  a  short  walk  from  the  N.  Y.  University  station  of 
the  East  Trunk  Line  Subway.  The  hall,  which  is  one  of  the  buildings 
of  the  New  York  University,  is  a  granite  colonnade  500  feet  in  length, 
built  about  the  Library.  It  contains  150  panels,  in  which  will  be  set 
bronze  tablets  for  the  names  of  150  great  Americans,.  The  selection  of 
the  subjects  to  be  honored  is  entrusted  to  a  committee  of  100  mem- 
bers, made  up  of  college  presidents,  educators,  professors  of  history, 
scientists,  publicists,  editors,  authors  and  chief  justices,  the  selection 
finally  to  be  approved  by  the  New  York  University  Senate.  Only 
persons  born  in  the  United  States  and  deceased  at  least  ten  years  are 


no  NEW   YORK. 

eligible.  Elections,  which  began  in  1900,  will  be  held  every  fifth  year 
until  the  roll  of  150  is  complete.  With  each  individual's  name  is 
inscribed  a  quotation  from  his  speeches  or  writings;  and  in  the  Museum 
of  the  Hall  of  Fame,  portraits  and  other  memorials  will  be  preserved. 
A  Hall  of  Fame  for  women  was  added  in  1905.  The  names  which  have 
been  selected  are: 

Authors— Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow,  Washington  Irving, 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  James  Russell  Lowell,  John  Greenleaf  Whittier,  George 
Bancroft,  William  Cullen  Bryant,  James  Fenimore  Cooper,  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes,  John  Lothrop  Motley,  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  Francis  Parkman,  Samuel  L. 
Clemens   (Mark  Twain). 

Educators— Horace  Mann,  Mark  Hopkins. 

Preachers  and  Theologians— Jonathan  Edwards,,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  William 
Ellery  Channing,  Phillips  Brooks. 

Philanthropists,   Reformers — Peter  Cooper,  George  Peabody. 

Scientists— John  James  Audubon,  Asa  Gray,  Louis  Agassiz,  Joseph  Henry,  William 
T.  G.  Morton. 

Inventors— Robert  Fulton,  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  Eli  Whitney,  Elias  Howe. 

Engineer— James  Buchanan  Eads. 

Pioneer — Daniel  Boone. 

Soldiers,  Sailors— David  Griscoe  Farragut,  Ulysses  Simpson  Grant,  Robert  E.  Lee, 
William  Tecumseh   Sherman. 

Lawyers,  Judges— James  Kent,  John  Marshall,  Joseph  Story,  Rufus  Choate. 

Rulers  and  Statesmen — John  Adams,  John  Quincy  Adams,  Henry  Clay,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  Andrew  Jackson,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Abraham  Lincoln,  James 
Madison,  George  Washington,  Daniel  Webster,  Alexander  Hamilton,  Patrick 
Henry,  Roger  Williams. 

Painter— Gilbert  Charles  Stuart. 

Sculptor— Augustus  Saint-Gaudens. 

Famous  American  Women— Author:  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe.  Educators:  Mary 
Lyon,  Emma  Willard,  Alice  Freeman  Palmer.  Social  Worker:  Frances  E. 
Willard.    Artist:    Charlotte  S.  Cushman.      Scientist:    Maria  Mitchell. 


Bronx   Park. 


Bronx  Park  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Bronx  River,  between  Williams- 
bridge  and  West  Farms.  The  river,  which  took  its  name  from  Jonas 
Broncks,  one  of  the  early  Dutch  proprietors,  rises  near  the  Connecti- 
cut line,  and  flows  into  Long  Island  Sound.  It  is  a  river  in  name  only, 
and  one  needs  only  to  look  upon  the  narrow  and  shallow  stream  to 
appreciate  the  humor  of  the  command  sent  by  the  British  authorities 
to  Lord  Admiral  Howe,  to  "send  a  couple  of  frigates  up  the  Bronx 
River  to  protect  our  forces  and  fire  into  the  enemy  whenever  seen." 

The  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  in  Bronx  Park,  is  open  daily, 
Sunday  included,  from  9  to  5;  the  Museum  from  9:30  to  5.  Admission 
is  free.  The  Museum  contains  collections  of  Economic  Botany,  show- 
ing vegetable  products,  processes  of  manufacture  and  uses  to  which 
put,  as  various  fibers,  wood  made  into  paper,  sugar  cane  into  refined 
sugar,  chocolate,  cork,  cottonseed  wines,  cereals,  turpentine,  etc.    The 


BRONX  PARK.  in 

collections  of  Scientific  Botany  include  the  famous  Torrey  Herbarium 
deposited  by  Columbia  University  and  valued  at  $175,000.  The  con- 
servatories contain  tens  of  thousands  of  growing  plants,  shrubs  and 
trees,  gathered  from  all  quarters  of  the  globe,  many  rare  and  costly, 
such  as  the  palms  given  by  Miss  Helen  Gould,  and  the  wonderfully 
great  anthurium  given  by  Mrs.  F.  L.  Ames,  of  North  Easton,  Mass. 
The  outdoor  beds  and  plantations  show  many  family  groups  of  plants, 
flowers,  shrubs  and  trees;  and  there  are  miles  of  walks  with  flower 
borders.  In  value  and  completeness  the  Garden  will  rival  the  Kew 
Gardens  of  London  and  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  of  Paris. 

The  New  York  Zoological  Park  has  an  ideal  site  in  Bronx  Park, 
and  is  in  plan  and  extent  unequalled  by  any  institution  of  its  class  in 
the  world.  The  houses  and  outdoor  ranges  for  mammals,  the  reptile 
house  and  the  vast  flying  cage  for  birds  have  been  prepared  with  a 
view  to  approximating  as  closely  as  possible  the  natural  conditions  of 
life  of  the  occupants,  and  the  very  successful  way  in  which  this  has 
been  accomplished  enables  us  to  see  the  animals  as  they  are  in  nature. 
The  Society's  Official  Guide  may  be  procured  at  the  entrance. 


Here   and   There    in   New   York. 

The  Grand  Central  Terminal  of  the  New  York  Central  Lines,  at 
Forty-second  street  and  Park  avenue,  takes  its  place  with  the  great 
buildings  of  the  world.  In  the  construction  of  this  monumental  gate- 
way, whose  portals  open  upon  the  broad  highways  of  travel  that 
radiate  throughout  three-fourths  of  the  American  continent,  the  dom- 
inant idea  was  to  combine  beauty  and  magnitude  with  convenience 
and  serviceability,  so  that  the  thousands  of  travelers  from  all  parts  of 
the  country  who  each  day  enter  the  city,  and  those  from  abroad, 
strangers  in  a  strange  land,  might  go  about  the  terminal  with  as  little 
confusion  as  in  passing  from  one  room  to  another  in  their  own  homes. 

Some  idea  of  the  size  may  be  had  when  it  is  understood  that  the 
total  area  of  the  rooms  for  the  public  is  six  acres,  or  about  the  size 
of  Madison  Square,  and  that  30,000  people  can  be  accommodated 
therein  at  one  time  without  crowding. 

The  Pennsylvania  Terminal  is  between  West  31st  and  33d  streets 
and  Seventh  and  Eighth  avenues.  The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  enters 
New  York  through  a  series  of  tunnels  from  New  Jersey,  passing 
beneath  the  Hudson  River.  Manhattan  Island  and  the  East  River  to 
Long  Island,  connecting  with  the  Long  Island  Railroad.  The  bed  of 
the  Hudson  consists  of  soft  mud  and  clay,  of  an  oozy  consistency  to 
a  great  depth,  and  unsuited  to  tunnel  work.  An  entirely  new  prin- 
ciple,  therefore,   was  adopted.     Stone   piers  were  built  resting  upon 


112  NEW    YORK. 

the  .solid  rock  beneath  the  river  bed.  The  piers  support  a  bridge 
inclosed  in  an  18-foot  water-tight  steel  tube,  and  carry  the  railroad 
track  within  the  tube.  The  bed  of  the  tracks  in  mid-stream  is  ioo 
feet  below  the  river  bed.  There  are  six  of  the  tubes;  they  enter 
Manhattan  in  pairs,  at  Thirty-first,  Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third 
streets,  and  the  tunnel  extensions  to  the  East  River  cross  the  city 
under  the  lines  of  these  streets.  Electric  locomotives  are  used.  The 
terminal  station  is  gigantic  in  dimensions.  It  occupies  a  plot  1,500 
feet  in  length  by  520  in  width,  covering  four  blocks. 

Greater  New  York  comprises  the  five  Boroughs  of  Manhattan. 
Bronx,  Brooklyn,  Queens  and  Richmond.  The  Borough  of  Manhat- 
tan includes  Manhattan  Island  and  Governor's,  Ellis,  Bedloe's,  Black- 
well's,  Ward's,  Randall's  and  Riker  islands.  The  Borough  of  the 
Bronx  comprises  all  that  portion  between  the  Harlem  and  Long 
Island  Sound.  The  Borough  of  Brooklyn  includes  all  of  Kings 
county.  The  Borough  of  Queens  includes  all  the  annexed  district 
lying  in  Queens  county.  The  Borough  of  Richmond  includes  all  of 
Staten  Island. 

The  Population  of  the  City  in  1923  was  for  the  several  boroughs: 
Manhattan,  2,267,006.  Bronx,  840,544.  Brooklyn,  2,156,780.  Richmond, 
127,548.  Queens,  535,739.  Total,  5,927,617.  In  the  year  1922  the  births 
were  129,684,  or  355  a  day,  14  an  hour,  one  every  4  minutes.  The  deaths 
were  69,690,  or  190  a  day. 

The  Bowery  extends  from  Chathan  Square  north  to  Cooper  Union, 
where  Third  and  Fourth  avenues  diverge.  In  the  old  Dutch  days  it 
was  the  Bouwerie  Lane  between  the  bouweries  or  farms;  and  later  it 
became  the  Boston  Post  Road;  a  mile-stone  at  Rivington  street  still 
marks  one  mile  from  the  old  City  Hall  in  Wall  street.  Almost  as 
remote  as  the  Dutch  farmers  who  gave  it  its  name  are  the  Bowery 
Boys,  who  fifty  years  ago  made  the  street  famous.  The  peculiar 
features  of  the  old  Bowery  live  only  in  tradition. 

St.  Mark's  Church,  at  Tenth  street  and  Second  avenue,  has  interest- 
ing historical  associations,  for  it  occupies  the  oldest  church  site  on 
Manhattan  Island.  It  replaced  in  1799  the  Bouwerie  Church,  built  by 
Peter  Stuyvesant,  the  last  of  the  Dutch  Governors,  on  his  Great 
Bouwerie,  or  farm,  which  extended  from  the  line  of  Fourth  avenue  to 
the  East  River.  A  bit  of  the  old  farm  now  bears  the  name  of  Stuy- 
vesant Square.  Stuyvesant  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  in  1672,  in 
the  vault  which  is  still  marked  by  the  memorial  stone  with  its  in- 
scription: 

In  this  vault  lies  buried  Petrus  Stuyvesant.  late  Captain  General  and 
Governor-in-Chief  of  Amsterdam  in  New  Netherland,  now  called  New 
York,  and  the  Dutch  West  India  Islands,  died  in  A.  D.  167  \  aged  80  years. 


NEW   YORK. 


113 


Roosevelt    House,    No. 

28  East  20th  street,  the 
birthplace  of  Theodore 
Roosevelt  is  main- 
tained by  the  Woman's 
Roosevelt  Association 
as  a  memorial  of  this 
great  American.  The 
adjoining  house,  which 
was  the  home  of  his 
uncle,  has  also  been 
made  a  part  of  the 
memorial.  The  de- 
clared purpose  is  to 
visualize  the  childhood 
environments  of  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt;  to  rep- 
resent his  personality 
by  means  of  the  objects 
which  surrounded  him, 
and  the  books  he  loved 
and  those  he  wrote; 
and  to  interpret  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt  the 
child  and  the  man  for 
the  benefit  of  the  youth 
of  America,  to  cultivate  in  them  his  principles,  and  so  to  develop  a 
higher  type  of  citizenship.  The  house  has  been  restored  in  all  respects 
as  completely  as  possible  to  its  condition  when  Roosevelt  was  a  child. 
In  the  rooms  are  furnishings  originally  there.  As  noted  in  the 
Roosevelt  Quarterly,  published  by  the  Association:  "In  the  parlor  are 
the  two  sofas  and  the  marble-topped  table  which  belonged  first  to  the 
Colonel's  grandfather,  Cornelius  Roosevelt.  The  rosewood  arm  chair 
originally  in  this  room  was  given  by  Mrs.  Roosevelt,  who  also  gave 
the  clock  and  mantel  ornaments,  the  two  engravings  on  either  side  of 
the  mantelpiece,  and  the  little  table  ornament  of  a  Moujik  drawing  a 
sled,  beloved  by  the  Colonel  in  his  youth,  all  originally  in  this  room. 
In  the  Library  are  two  chairs  from  the  grandfather's  house  in  14th 
street,  and  the  famous  tasseled  chair,  the  favorite  of  Colonel  Roose- 
velt when  a  little  boy,  as  was  the  engraving  of  the  Transfiguration  over 
this  mantelpiece. 

"In  the  dining  room  is  the  original  table  which  belonged  first  to  the 
Colonel's  grandfather,  Cornelius.  In  the  front  bed  room,  where 
Colonel  Roosevelt  was  born,  is  the  original  bed  room  set  of  furniture, 
presented  by  Mrs.  Douglas  Robinson,  together  with  the  original  silk 


ROOSEVELT    HOUSE. 


"4  NEW    YORK. 

curtains  and  embroidered  bedspread.  In  the  nursery  are  the  original 
bed  and  bureau  presented  by  Mrs.  Roosevelt  with  the  little  rush-bot- 
tomed chair  which  Colonel  Roosevelt  sat  in  as  a  baby. 

"The  carpets,  wall  papers  and  hangings  are  reproduced  as  nearly  as 
possible  like  the  originals  from  descriptions  given  by  Colonel  Roose- 
velt's sister,  Mrs.  Cowles,  who  was  older  than  he,  and  remembers  very 
distinctly  what  was  in  the  house,  and  how  everything  was  placed." 

The  Museum  contains  hundreds  of  things  of  interest,  including  man- 
uscripts and  books,  portraits,  degrees,  commissions,  diplomas,  medals, 
cartoons,  busts,  uniforms,  firearms,  hunting  equipment,  game  trophies 
and  other  relics  and  memorials. 

The  Bible  House,  Fourth  avenue  and  Eighth  street,  opposite  Cooper 
Union,  is  the  home  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  organized  in  1816 
to  circulate  the  Holy  Scriptures.  In  the  office  of  the  General  Agent 
(No.  6  Bible  House)  they  will  give  you  a  circular  containing  a  speci- 
men text  in  each  of  the  242  different  languages  and  dialects,  in  which 
66,000,000  copies  of  the  Bible  circulated  by  the  Society  have  been 
printed. 

Cooper  Union,  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and  Art,  was 
founded  by  Peter  Cooper  in  1859.  He  gave  for  the  building  and  its 
endowment  nearly  a  million  dollars.  The  purpose  is  to  provide  in- 
struction at  night  for  young  people  who  work  by  day;  and  in  doing 
this  the  Union  has  been  one  of  the  most  beneficent  philanthropies  of 
the  city.  The  night  schools  in  science  and  art — mathematics,  engi- 
neering, electricity,  chemistry,  etc. — have  been  attended  by  nearly 
100,000  different  persons.  Gifts  by  Andrew  Carnegie,  Edward  Cooper 
and  A.  S,  Hewitt  have  made  provision  for  day  instruction  also. 
There  are  a  Women's  Art  School,  for  instruction  in  drawing,  painting 
and  photography,  and  schools  in  telegraphy,  stenography  and  type- 
writing for  women.  The  free  library  and  reading  room  (with  hun- 
dreds of  newspapers  and  periodicals)  is  visited  by  more  than  2,000 
readers  a  day.  The  Museum  for  the  Decorative  Arts  is  open  9  to  5 
daily  except  Sunday  and  Monday.  Free  lectures  in  the  Hall,  on  Wed- 
nesday and  Saturday  evenings  in  winter,  are  attended  by  10,000  per- 
sons a  week.  The  Hall  of  Cooper  Union  is  used  for  political  and  other 
meetings,  and  has  been  the  scene  of  many  memorable  gatherings. 
Abraham  Lincoln  delivered  his  Cooper  Institute  speech  here  Feb.  27, 
i860,  and  from  that  day  to  this  most  of  the  great  orators  of  America 
have  been  heard  here;  and  speeches  have  been  made  which  have 
affected  city,  state  and  nation.  In  Cooper  Union  Park,  south  of  the 
building,  is  a  statue  of  Peter  Cooper,  by  Augustus  St.  Gaudens,  who 
was  a  pupil  in  Cooper  Union: 

Erected  by  the  citizens  of  New  York  in  grateful  remembrance  of  Peter 
Cooper,  founder  of  the  Cooper  Union  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
and  Art.     Anno  Domini  MDCCCXCVII. 


NEW    YORK.  115 

"The  Little  Church  Around  the  Corner"  is  a  familiar  name  for  the 
Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  on  East  Twenty-ninth  street,  between 
Broadway  and  Fifth  avenue.  The  story  goes  that  when  in  1871 
Joseph  Jefferson  endeavored  to  arrange  for  the  funeral  of  George 
Holland,  a  brother  actor,  at  a  church  on  Madison  avenue,  the  pastor 
said  that  he  could  not  hold  burial  services  over  the  body  of  an  actor. 
"But,"  he  added,  "there  is  a  little  church  around  the  corner  you  can 
go  to."  "Then  all  honor  to  the  little  church  around  the  corner," 
replied  Jefferson.  "We  will  go  there."  From  that  time  the  church 
and  its  rector,  Rev.  George  H.  Houghton  (who  died  in  1897)  were 
held  in  affectionate  regard  by  the  theatrical  profession.  Many  actors 
have  been  buried  from  the  church,  among  them  Lester  Wallack,  Dion 
Boucicault  and  Edwin  Booth.  There  is  a  memorial  window  given  by 
The  Players  (the  actors'  club),  in  memory  of  Booth.  The  beautiful 
churchyard  is  entered  through  a  lich-gate.  This  is  a  roofed  gate, 
unique  in  this  country,  but  of  a  type  formerly  common  in  Europe, 
when  the  custom  was  to  rest  the  bier  in  the  lich-gate  during  the 
reading  of  the  introductory  part  of  the  burial  service. 

John  Street  Methodist  Church.— The  John  Street  M.  E.  Church,  at 
44  John  street,  called  the  "Cradle  of  American  Methodism,"  is  the 
oldest  Methodist  church  in  America.  It  was  founded  by  Philip 
Embury  in  1766;  the  first  edifice  was  erected  in  1768,  a  second  one  on 
the  same  site  in  1817,  and  the  present  structure  in  1841.  There  are 
treasured  here  Philip  Embury's  Bible,  Bishop  Asbury's  chair  and  the 
clock  which  John  Wesley  sent  over  from  England,  and  which  still 
ticks  off  the  time. 

Fraunces'  Tavern,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Broad  and  Pearl 
streets,  contains  on  the  second  floor  the  famous  "long  room,"  in  which 
General  Washington  took  affecting  leave  of  his  officers  and  aides 
Dec.  4,  1783,  before  proceeding  to  Congress  to  surrender  his  com- 
mission. The  Tavern  was  built  in  1700.  It  was  opened  as  a  tavern  by 
Samuel  Fraunces  in  176a.  The  building  has  been  restored  by  the  Sons 
of  the  Revolution.  The  first  floor  is  still  a  tavern;  the  second  floor 
contains  a  display  of  historical  relics,  opened  Dec.  4,  1907. 

Staten  Island,  lying  south  of  New  York  Bay,  five  miles  distant 
from  Manhattan  Island,  constitutes  the  Borough  of  Richmond  in 
Greater  New  York.  The  island  has  an  area  of  sixty  square  miles.  Its 
green  slopes  and  wooded  hills  form  a  pleasing  feature  in  the  harbor 
views;  and  the  fortified  height  of  Fort  Wadsworth,  commanding  the 
Narrows,  is  the  first  land  closely  approached  by  incoming  vessels 
from  sea.  An  excursion  to  Staten  Island  by  ferryboat  from  the  Bat- 
tery gives  a  good  opportunity  of  seeing  New  York  Bay.  A  conspicu- 
ous landmark  on  the  island  is  the  dome  of  the  church  of  Sailors'  Snug 
Harbor.  The  Harbor  was  founded  in  1801  as  a  home  for  unfortunate 
and  disabled  seamen  by  Robert  Richard  Randall,  who  bequeathed  for 
the   purpose   his   farm  in   New   York< 


Brooklyn. 


Greenwood  Cemetery,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  world,  has 
an  area  of  474  acres,  stretching  along  a  slope  whose  summit  it  has 
crowned  with  monuments.  From  the  Pilots'  Monument  to  Thomas 
Freeborn,  a  New  York  pilot  who  lost  his  life  piloting  a  ship  on  the 
New  Jersey  coast,  we  may  look  far  out  to  sea;  and  the  shaft  is  visible 
from  ships  entering  the  harbor.  From  the  Soldiers'  Monument,  in 
memory  of  the  148,000  soldiers  of  New  York  State,  who  died  in  the 
Civil  War,  another  far-reaching  prospect  may  be  had.  One  may 
wander  for  hours  through  the  streets  of  this  vast  city  of  the  dead 
(there  are  fifteen  miles  of  walks),  and  at  every  turn  find  something  to 
challenge  attention. 

Brooklyn's  Prospect  Park  in  natural  grandeur  rivals  Central  Park 
It  is  well  named,  for  its  hills  command  many  wide  and  lovely  pros- 
pects; most  famous  are  those  from  Prospect  Hill.  At  the  Plaza 
entrance  is  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Memorial  Arch,  to  commem- 
orate those  who  died  in  the  Civil  War;  the  bronze  groups  by  Mac- 
monnies  symbolize  the  Army,  the  Navy,  and  the  chariot  of  Victory 
led  by  heralds  of  peace.  South  of  the  Plaza  is  the  statue  of  General 
Warren. 

The  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  is  on  Wallabout  Bay,  where  thousands  of 
Americans  perished  in  the  British  prison-ships  of  the  Revolution.  In 
Fort  Greene  Park,  nearby,  the  tomb  of  a  number  of  the  prison-ship 
martyrs  is  marked  with  a  sculptured  memorial  by  Macmonnies,  a 
marble  censer,  emblematic  of  a  perpetual  incense  offering. 

Partridge's  equestrian  statue  of  Grant  stands  in  front  of  the  Union 
League  Club,  Bedford  avenue  and  Bergen  street.  It  represents  the 
General  as  he  appeared  at  the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness.  Ward's 
statue  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher  stands  in  the  Plaza  facing  the  City 
Hall  on  Fulton  street.  Plymouth  Church,  which  was  Beecher's  pulpit 
from  1847  to  1887,  is  on  Orange  street,  between  Hicks  and  Henry, 
within  short  walking  distance  from  the  Bridge. 

Coney  Island,  New  York's  world-famous  seashore,  bathing  and 
amusement  resort,  is  in  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn.  The  island  is  a 
narrow  strip  of  sand  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  creek  so 
insignificant  that  the  insular  character  of  the  place  is  not  usually 
perceived.  The  route  is  by  elevated  and  surface  cars  from  Brooklyn 
Bridge,  and  by  the  Broadway  Subway  (fare  5  cents)  from  any  station; 
see  list  page  127.  In  summer  the  Iron  Steamboats  run  from  West 
129th  street  and  from  Pier  1  North  River,  foot  of  Broadway;  see 
schedule  advertised  in  daily  papers.  One  may  also  go  by  motor 
from  Brooklyn  or  Manhattan. 

116 


Ready  Reference   Guide. 

SUBWAY    STATIONS. 

'Express    stations. 
EAST    TRUNK    LINE. 


Fint  Subway  and  Lexington  Ave.  Line. 
"South   Ferry. 
•Bowling   Green. 
•Wall  St.  and  Broadway. 
•Fulton  St.  and  Broadway. 

City  Hall  (Loop),  B'way  &  Murray  St. 
•Brooklyn   Bridge.    Park   Row   &  Centre. 

Worth   and   Lafayette   Sts. 

Canal  and  Lafayette  Sts. 

Spring  and  Lafayette  Sts. 

Bleecker  and  Lafayette  Sts. 

Astor  Place  (8th  St.)  and  Fourth  Ave. 
•14th  St.  and  Fourth  Ave. 

18th  St.  and  Fourth  Ave. 

23d  St.  and  Fourth  Ave. 

28th  St.  and  Fourth  Ave. 

33d  St.  and  Fourth  Ave. 
•Grand  Central  Sta.-^2d  St.  (See  Note  A.) 

51st  St.  and  Lexington  Ave. 

59th   St.  and  Lexington  Ave. 

68th  St.   and  Lexington  Ave. 

77th  St.  and  Lexington  Ave 
*86th  St.  and  Lexington   Ave. 

96th  St.   and  Lexington  Ave. 

103d  St.  and  Lexington  Ave. 

110th  St.  and  Lexington  Ave. 

116th  St.   and   Lexington  Ave. 
•125th  St.  ano  Lexington  Ave. 

River  and  Jerome  Ave.  Branch. 
Mott  Haven, 
"149th  St. 


161st  St. 

167th  St. 

170th  St. 

Belmont    St. 

176th  St. 
*New   York    University. 

183d   St. 

Fordham   Road. 

Kingsbridge   Road. 

Bedford    Park    Boulevard 

Mosholu   Parkway. 
'Woodlawn. 

Pelham   Bay   Park   Branch. 

'Third   Avenue. 

Brook  Ave 

Cypress  Ave 

143d    St. 

149th  St. 

Longwood  Ave. 

'Hunt's    Point   Ave. 

Whitlock  Ave. 

Elder  Ave. 

Classon's   Point    Road. 

St.    Lawrence    Ave. 

177th  St. 

Castle  Hill  Ave. 

Zerega  Ave. 

Westchester  Square. 

Middletown  Road. 

Buhre  Ave. 

Pelham  Bay    Park. 


SUBWAYS    FROM    MANHATTAN    TO    BROOKLYN. 
£ait  Trunk  Line  diverges  at  Bowling  Green  to  Borough  Hall,  Hoyt  St.,  Nevins  St 

and  Atlantic  Ave.  (Long  Island  R.  R.). 
West   Trunk  Line   by   William   street   branch    (Note   B)   runs    (April,   1919)    to  Clark 

street    and   Atlantic   avenue,    Brooklyn. 
Broadway— Fifty-ninth    Street    Subway    express    trains    diverge    at    Canal    street    to 

connect  with   Fourth  Avenue   (Brooklyn)   Subway. 
The    Queeniboro   Subway,    connecting   at   Grand   Central   with    the   Manhattan   lines 

runs  to  Corona  and  Astoria. 
Fourth  Avenue  (Brooklyn)   Subway  starts  at  Chambers  street  (Municipal   Building). 

Manhattan,  and  runs  to  Bay  Ridge  and  Coney  Island.     Connects  with  Broadway 

Fifty-ninth    Street    Subway    at    Canal    street 


NOTE  A.— The  East  Trunk  Line  and  the  West  Trunk  Line  are  connected  by  shuttle 
trains  running  between   Grand  Central   Station  and  Times  Square. 

NOTE  B.— The  express  trains  on  the  Seventh  Avenue  Line  diverge  at  Chambers 
street  to  Park  Row  (at  Broadway),  Fulton  street  (at  William  street),  and  Wall 
street  (at  William).  Thence  by  tunnel  to  Clark  street  and  Atlantic  avenue, 
Brooklyn. 

117 


n8 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


SUBWAY    STATIONS. 

"Express   stations. 
WEST     TRUNK    LINE. 


Seventh  Avenue  Line  and  Firit  Subway. 

South  Ferry. 

Rector  St. 

Cortlandt   St. 
•Chambers  St.     (See  Note  B.) 

Franklin  St. 

Canal  St. 

Houston  St. 

Christopher    St. 

Sheridan  Square. 
•14th  St.  and  7th  Ave. 

18th  St.  and  7th  Ave. 

23d  St.  and  7th  Ave. 

28th  St.  and  7th  Ave. 
•Pennsylvania  Station. 
•Times  Sq.— 42d  St.  &  B'way.  (See  Note  A) 

50th  St.  and  Broadway. 

Columbus  Circle— 59th  St.  and  Broadway. 

66th  St.  and  Broadway. 
*72d  St.  and  Broadway. 

79th  St.  and  Broadway. 

86th  St.  and  Broadway. 

91st  St.  and  Broadway. 
•96th  St.  and  Broadway. 

Broadway  Branch. 

96th  St.  and  Broadway. 
103d  St.  and  Broadway. 
110th  St.  and  Columbia  University. 
116th  St.  and  Broadway. 
Manhattan  St.— 128th  St. 
137th  St.  and  Broadway. 
145th  St.  and  Broadway. 
157th  St.  and  Broadway. 
UJBth  St.  and  Broadway. 
181st  St.   and  11th  Ave. 
191st  St. 
Dyckman  St.  and  Naegle  Ave. 


207th  St.   and  Amsterdam  Ave. 

215th  St.    and    Broadway. 

225th  St.,  Kingsbridge. 

231st  St.    (Bailey  Ave,)   and   Broadway. 

238th  St.  and  Broadway. 

242d  St.  (Van  Cortlandt  Park). 

Lenox  Ave.  and  West  Farms  Branch. 

96th  Sts.  and  Broadway. 
110th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave. 
116th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave. 
125th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave. 
135th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave. 
!45th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave. 
Mott  Ave.   and  149th  St. 
Third  Ave.  and  149th  St. 
Jackson  Ave.  and  Westchester  Ave. 
Prospect  Ave.  and  Westchester  Ave. 
Intervale  Ave.  and  Westchester  Ave. 
Simpson   St.   and  Westchester  Ave. 
Freeman  St.  and  Southern  Boulevard. 
174th  St.  and  Boston  Road. 
177th  St.  and  Boston  Road. 
Bronx  Park. 

White  Plains  Road  Extension  (Elevated) 

180th   St. 
"Morris  Park. 

Bronx  Park  East. 

Pelham  Parkway. 

Allerton  Ave. 

Burke  Ave. 
•Gun  Hill  Road. 

219th  St. 

225th  St. 

233d  St. 

Nereid  Avenue. 
*241  st  St. 


The   West    Farms   express   trains   of  the   Subway   run   through  to   Brooklyn;    tb 
fare  between  any  point  in  New  York  and  any  station  in  Brooklyn  is  5  cents. 


BROADWAY- 

Whitehall  St. 

Rector  St. 

Cortlandt  St. 

(Hudson  Terminal). 
•City  Hall. 

Canal    Street. 

Prince  Street. 

Eighth    Street. 
•Union   Square. 


-FIFTY-NINTH    STREET    SUBWAY. 

23d  Street. 

28th  Street. 
#34th  Street. 
"Times    Square. 

49th  Street. 
•57th  Street. 

Fifth  Ave.,  59th  &  60th   Sts. 

Lexington  Ave.,  59th  &  60th  Sta. 


Express    trai 

Avenue    Subway. 


iverge     at      ('anal     street     and      connect    with      'Brooklyn      Four' 


Connects  (Nov.  1,  1919)  at  Lexington  Ave..,  59th  and  60th  Sts.  with  Queens  Lines. 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


119 


ELEVATED    RAILROADS. 

The  four  lines  start  at  the  Battery  and  run  to  the  Harlem  River.    The  stations 
sre  shown  on  the  folding  map,  and  are  as  follows: 

Ninth  Avenue  Line— South  Ferry,  Battery  Place,  Rector,  Cortlandt,  Barclay,  Warren. 
Franklin,  Desbrosses,  Houston,  Christopher,  West  14th,  23d,  30th,  34th,  42d,  50th, 
59th,  66th,  72d,  81st,  86th,  93d,  99th,  104th,  110th,  116th,  125th,  130th,  135th,  140th, 
145th,  151st,  155th.  Thence  subway  and  elevated  railroad  to  Sedgwick  Ave.,  An- 
derson and  Jerome  Aves.,  and  connection  with  the  Jerome  Avenue  (elevated) 
Branch  of  the  Lexington  Avenue  Subway. 

Sixth  Avenue  Line— South  Ferry,  Battery  Place,  Rector,  Cortlandt,  Park  Place, 
Chambers,  Franklin,  Grand,  Bleecker,  8th,  14th,  18th,  23d,  28th,  33d,  38th,  42d, 
50th  (branch  to  58th  St.  and  6th  Ave.),  53d  St.  and  8th  Ave.,  59th  St.  and 
Columbus  Ave.,  66th,  72d,  81st,  86th,  93d,  99th,  104th,  110th,  116th,  125th,  130th, 
135th,  140th,  145th,  151st,  155th.  Thence  to  Jerome  Avenue  Branch,  same  as  Ninth 
Avenue   Line. 

Third  Avenue  Line— South  Ferry,  Hanover  Square,  Fulton,  Franklin  Square,  Chatham 
Square  (whence  branch  to  City  Hall),  Canal,  Grand,  Houston,  East  9th,  14th, 
18th,  23d,  28th,  34th,  42d  (branch  to  Grand  Central  Station),  47th,  53d,  59th,  67th, 
76th,  84th,  89th,  99th,  106th,  116th,  125th,  129th,  thence  to  133d,  138th,  143d,  149tb, 
156th,  161st,  166th,  169th,  Claremont  Parkway  (172d),  174th,  177th  (Tremont  Ave.), 
180th,  183d,  Pelham  Ave.  (Fordham).  Bronx  Park,  200th,  204th,  Williamsbridge 
(210th),  White  Plains  Road. 

At  34th  street,  shuttle  service  to  34th  St.  Ferry. 
At  129th  St.,  shuttle  service  to  Willis  Ave.  Station,  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  *  H.  R.  R. 

Second   Avenue   Line— South    Ferry,    Hanover   Square,    Fulton   St.,    Franklin   Square, 
Chatham   Square  (branch   to  City  Hall),   Canal,   Grand,   Rivington,   1st,  8th,   14th, 
19th,  23d,   34th,  42d,   50th,   57th,   65th,  72d,  80th,  86th,  92d,  99th,   111th,   117th,   121st, 
125th,   129th,  thence  via  Third   Avenue   Line   to   Pelham  Avenue. 
At  34th  street,  shuttle  service  to  34th  St.  Ferry. 

All  linei  run  all  night  (except  the  Second  Avenue — from  12:43  A.M.  to  5  A.  M.). 
Fare  5  cents;  children  under  5  years  free.  Free  transfers  between  6th  and  9th  Ave. 
are  given  at  Rector  St.  and  59th  St.;  between  6th  and  9th  and  3d  and  2d  Aves.  at  the 
Battery;  between  3d  and  2d  at  Chatham  Square,  and  between  City  Hall  trains  and 
South  Ferry  trains  of  the  Third  Avenue  Line  at  Chatham  Square.  Transfers  are 
given  to  certain  surface  lines  for  an  extra  fare  of  3  cents,  paid  when  buying  the 
elevated  ticket. 

BLACKWELL'S,    ELLIS,    HART'S    AND    OTHER    ISLANDS. 

Blackwell'i   Island- Ferry   trom    East   26th.   East  53d,   or   East  70th   St.     For  required 

pass  apply   Department  of  Charities,   foot  of  East  26th  St. 
Ellif  Island— Ferry  foot  of  Whitehall   St.,   Battery.     No  pass  is  required. 
Farm  Colony— Staten   Island    Ferry  from   East  26th  St.,  or  from  North  2d  St.,  Brook- 
lyn.    Pass   from    Department   of   Charities,   foot   East   26th   St. 
Hart's  Uland— Ferry   from   East   26th   St.,   or  foot   Fordham   Ave.,   City   Island.     Pass 

from  Department  of  Correction,   148  East  20th   St. 
North  Brother  Island— Ferry  foot  of  East  132d  St. 
Randall's    Island— Ferry    foot    East    26th,    East    120th,    or    East    125th    St.      Pass    from 

Department   of   Charities,   foot   East   26th   St. 
Riker's   Island— Ferry   foot   East   26th    St.     Pass    from    Department   of    Correction,    148 

East  20th   St. 
Ward's    Island— Ferrv    from    East    116th    St.      Pass    from    Manhattan    State    Hospital, 

foot  East  26th  St. 
Governor's    Island— Ferry    from    foot    of    Whitehall     St.,     Battery.      Pass    required; 

obtained   at  the   ferry. 
Liberty   Island— From   the   Battery. 
Staten   Island— From  Whitehall   St. 


iao  READY   REFERENCE   GUIDE. 

RAILROAD    STATIONS. 

Grand  Central  Terminal  is  on  42d  St.,  at  Madison,  Fourth  and  Lexington  Aves. 

Pennsylvania  Terminal  is  on  7th  Ave.,  West  lid  and  84th  Sts. 

Hudson  Terminal— Fulton,  Dey  and  Cortlandt  Sts.,  one  block  west  of  Broadway. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio— Pennsylvania  Terminal.     Hudson  Terminal. 

Central   of   New   Jersey— For   Pennsylvania   R.    R.   and    B    &   O.,    Pennsylvania   Ter- 
minal.    Hudson  Terminal. 

For  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey,  and  Philadelphia  &  Reading,  foot  Liberty 
and  foot  West  28d  St.  Also  in  summer,  Sandy  Hook  boats  from  Cedar  St. 
and  West  42d  St. 

Erie— Chambers.     West  28d.     Also  Hudson  Tubes. 

Harlem— Grand  Central  Station. 

Lackawanna— Barclay.     Christopher.     West  2ld..     Also  Hudson  Tubes. 

Lehigh  Valley— Pennsylvania  Terminal.     Hudson  Terminal. 

Long  Branch— (Central  of  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania.) 

Long  Island— Pennsylvania  Terminal. 

New  England— Grand  Central. 

New  Haven— Grand  Central. 

New  Haven   (Harlem  River  Branch)— Willis  Ave.  and  110th  St. 

N.  Y.  &  Putnam— 155th  St.  terminus  of  Sixth  Ave.  Elevated. 

N.  Y.  Central— Grand  Central  Station. 

N.  Y.,  Susquehanna  &  Western— Same  as  Erie 

Northern  of  New  Jersey— Chambers.    West  28d.    Also  Hudson  Tubes. 

Ontario  &  Western— Cortlandt  St.     West  42d  St.. 

Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania  Terminal,  7th  Ave.,  West  83d  and  14th  Sts. 

Philadelphia  &  Reading— Liberty.     West  23d  St. 

Staten  Island— Municipal  Ferry,  foot  of  Whitehall  St. 

West  Shore— Cortlandt.     West  42d  St. 


STEAMSHIPS. 

American  Line— Pier  62,  North  River,  foot  of  West  22d  St* 

Anchor  Line— Pier  64,   North   River,   foot  of  West  24th   St. 

Atlantic  Transport— Pier  58,  North  River,  foot  of  West  16th  St. 

Clyde  Line— Pier  36,  North  River,  foot  of  Spring  St. 

Compagnie  Generale  Transatlantique— Pier  57,  N.  R.,  foot  of  15th  St. 

Compania   Transatlantica— Pier  8,  East  River. 

Cunard  Line— Piers  54,  55  and  66,  North  River,  foot  of  West  14th  St. 

Fabre   Line— Foot   of  list   St.,   Brooklyn. 

French  Line— Piers  67  and  68,  North  River. 

Holland-American   Line— Pier  foot  of   5th   St.,  Hoboken. 

Lamport  and  Holt  Line— Pier  8,   Brooklyn. 

Lloyd  Brazileiro— Foot  of  43d  St.,   Bush   Docks,  South   Brooklyn. 

Mallory  Line— Piers  86,  88,  North  River. 

Munson  Line— Pier  9,  East  River,  Old  Slip. 

New  York  &  Cuba  Mail  Steamship  Co.  (Ward  Line)— Piers  18  and  14,  East  River. 

New  York  &  Porto  Rico  Steamship  Co.— Pier  85,  Atlantic  Dock. 

Ocean  Steamship  Co.— Pier  35,  North  River,  foot  of  Spring  St. 

Old  Dominion  Line— Pier  25,  North  River. 

Quebec  Steamship  Co.,  Ltd.— Pier  47,  North  River,  foot  of  10th  St. 

Red  Cross  Line— Pier  B,  foot  of  Richard  St.,  Erie  Basin,  Brooklyn. 

Red  "D"   Line— Pier  11,   foot   of  Montague   St.,   Brooklyn. 

Red  Star  Line— Pier  61,   North   River,  foot  of  21st  St. 

Royal  Mail  Steam  Packet  Co.— Pier  42,  North  River,  foot  of  Morton  St. 

Southern  Pacific  Co.— Pier  48,  North  River,  foot  of  West  11th  St.     To  New  Orleans 

United  Fruit  Co.'s  Steamship  Lines— Pier  9,   North  River. 

White  Star  Line-Piers  60  and   61,   North  River,  foot   of  80th  and  81st  Sts. 

Wilson   Line— Foot  of   7th  St.    Hoboken. 


READY    REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


HUDSON    RIVER    STEAMBOAT    LINES. 

Central   Hudson   Line— Franklin   St. 

Hudson  River  Day  Line— Desbrosses,  West  42d  and  West  129th  Sts. 

Hudson  River  Night  Line   (People's)— Canal  St.,  Pier  12. 

Ramsdell  Line— Franklin  St. 

Troy   (Citizens')   Line— West  10th  St. 

SOUND     BOATS. 
Fall  River  Line— Fulton   St.,   North   River. 
Hartford— Peck  Slip,  East  River. 
New  Haven  Line— Catherine  St.,  East  River. 
New  London— Clarkson   St.,   North  River. 
Providence  Line— Murray   St.;  Pier   18,   North   River. 

ATLANTIC     HIGHLAND     BOATS. 

Atlantic    Highlands    (Sandy   Hook   Route)— Cedar   St.    and   West   42d    St. 
with  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey. 


Connett* 


NORTH    RIVER   PIERS. 


A  &  1— Battery    Place. 

32  &  33— Watts  &  Canal. 

61-W. 

21st. 

2  k  3— Battery  PI.  &  Morrii 

34— Canal. 

62— W. 

22d. 

4— Morris. 

35 — Spring. 

63— W. 

23d. 

5  &  6— Morris   fc  Rector 

36 — Spring    and 

Charlton. 

64— W. 

24th. 

7— Rector. 

37— Charlton. 

65-W. 

25th. 

8—  Rector    &    Carlisle. 

38-King. 

66-W. 

26th. 

9-Carlisle. 

39— W.    Houston 

67— W. 

27th 

10— Albany. 

40 — Clarkson. 

68-W. 

28th 

11— Cedar. 

41— Leroy. 

69— W. 

29th 

13— Cortlandt  &  Dey. 

42— Morton. 

70— W. 

30th. 

14— Fulton. 

43 — Barrow. 

71-W. 

31st. 

15-Vesey. 

44 — Christopher. 

72— W. 

32d. 

16— Barclay. 

45— W.    10th. 

73— W. 

33d. 

17— Park   Place. 

46 — Charles. 

74— W. 

34th. 

18—  Murray. 

47— Perry. 

75— W. 

35th. 

19— Warren. 

48— W.   11th. 

76— W. 

36th. 

20 — Chambers. 

49— Bank    St. 

77— W. 

37th. 

21—  Duane. 

50— Bethune    & 

W.    12th. 

78-W. 

38th. 

22-Jay. 

51— Jane. 

79— W. 

39th. 

23— Harrison. 

52— Gansevoort. 

80— W. 

40th. 

24— Franklin. 

53 — Bloomfield. 

81-W. 

41st. 

25— North    Moore. 

54— W.   13th. 

83-W. 

43d. 

26-Beach. 

56— W.   14th. 

84-W. 

44th. 

27— Hubert. 

57— W.   15th. 

85-W. 

45th. 

28— Laight. 

58— W.   16th. 

86-W. 

46th. 

29— Vestry. 

59— W.   18th. 

87-W. 

47th. 

30—  Desbrosses. 

60-W.   19th. 

88-W. 

48th. 

31— Watts. 

EAST   RIVER   PIERS. 

4— Broad. 

14 — Maiden  Lane. 

19  &  20— Peck    Slip 

5-8— Coenties    Slip. 

15  &  16— Burling 

Slip. 

21— Dover. 

8-10— Coenties  &  Old  Slip. 

17-Fulton. 

22— James    Slip 

12— Wall. 

18 — Beekman. 

25— Oli 

?er. 

13— Wall    and    Pine. 

HUDSON    TUBE    STATIONS. 
To  Jersey  City  and  Railroad  Connections. 
Downtown -Terminal    Building,    Fulton.    Dey    and    Cortlandt    streets. 
Uptown— Christopher   St.,   Sixth  Avenue   stations  at  9th,   14th,  19th,  23d,  28th,  33d  Sts. 


122 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


Those  marked  with  an 
Albemarle— 203   W.   54th    St. 
Albert— Univ«t8ity  Place. 
Algonquin— 59  W.  44th  St. 
Ambassador— Park  Ave.   and  51st   St. 
America— 102  E.  15th  St. 
Ansonla— Broadway  and  73d  St. 
Arlington*— 18  W.  25th  St. 
Astor— Broadway  and  44th  St. 
Belleclaire— Broadway  and  77th  St. 
Belmont— Park  Ave.  and  42d  St. 
Biltmore-^3d   St.   and  Madison  Ave. 
Breslin— Broadway  and  29th  St. 
Bretton  Hall— Broadway  and  86th  St. 
Brevoort— 5th  Ave.  and  8th  St. 
Bristol*— 122  W.  49th   St. 
Broadway   Central*— Broadway   &  3d   St. 
Broztell— 5th  Ave.  and  27th  St. 
Chelsea— 222  W.  23d  St. 
Claman— 255    West    43d    St. 
Claridge— Broadway  and  44th  St. 
Clendening*— 202  W.  103d  St. 
Collingwood— 45  W.  35th  St. 
Commodore— E.  42d  St.  &  Lexington  Ave 
Continental — Broadway   at   41st    St. 
Cumberland— Broadway   and   54th   St. 

Devon— 70  W.  55th  St. 
Emerson— 166  West   75th   St. 

Earle*— 103  Waverly  Place. 

Empire— Broadway   and  63d   St. 

Endicott— Columbus  Av.  &  81st  St. 

Felix-Portland— 132  W.  47th  St. 

Flanderi— 135  W.  47th  St. 

Fourteen  East  60th  St.— 14  E.  60th  St. 

Gotham— 5th  Ave.  and  55th  St. 

Grand— Broadway  and  31st  St. 

Great  Northern— 118  W.  57th  St. 

Gregorian-42  W.  35th   St. 

Hargrave— 112  W.  72d  St. 

Herald   Square— 34th   St.   and   Broadway 

Hermitage— 7th  Ave.   and  42d   St. 

Holley*— Washington   Square  West. 

Imperial— Broadway   and  32d   St. 

Iroquoii*^t9  W.  44th  St. 

Judson*— 53   Washington   Square. 

Langdon— Fifth  Ave.  and  56th  St. 

Langwell— 123  W  44th  St. 

Latham— 4  East  28th  St. 

Le  Marquii— 12  E.  31st  St. 


HOTELS. 

are  American  and  European.     All  others  Europeaa 
Leonori*— Madison  Ave.  and  63d  St. 
Longacre — 47th   St.   and   Broadway. 
Lorraine— Fifth   Ave.    and   45th    Si 
Lucerne— Amsterdam  Ave.   &   79th   St. 
McAlpin— Broadway    and   34th    St. 
Madison  Square— 37  Madison  Ave. 
Majestic— 72d  St.   &  Central   Park  West 
Marie  Antoinette— Broadway  and  76th  St 
Martha  Washington— 29  E.  29th  St. 
Martinique— Broadway   &  33d  St. 
Mills,    New— 7th    Ave.    and    36th    St. 
Murray  Hill— Park   Ave.   and  41st   St 

iNavarre— 7th  Ave.   and  38th   St. 

Netherland— 5th  Ave.  and  59th   St. 

Park  Avenue— Park  Ave.  and  33d  St 

Pennsylvania— 7th  Ave.,   32d-33d   Sts. 

Plaza— 5th  Ave.  and  59th  St. 

Prince  George— 14  E.  28th  St. 

Remington— 129   W.   46th   St. 

Richmond— 70   W.   46th   St 

Ritz-Carlton— Madison  Ave.   &  46th   St 

Robert  Fulton— 228  W.  71st  St. 

Royalton-44  W.  44th  St. 

St.  Andrew— Broadway  and  72d   St. 

St.  Hubert— 120  W.  57th   St. 

St.  James— 109  West  45th  St. 

St.  Paul— Columbus  Ave.   and  60th  St. 

St.  Regis— 5th  Ave.  and  55th  St. 

San  Remo*— Central   Park  W.  &  74th  St. 

Savoy— 5th  Ave.  and  59th  St. 

Seville— Madison  Ave.   &  29th   St. 

Seymour-^4  W.  45th  St. 

Sherman   Square— Broadway   &  71st  St 

Somerset— 150   W.   47th    St. 

Stratford  House*— 11   E    32d   St. 

Times  Square— 206  W.  43d   St. 

Union  Square— 15th  St.   &  Union  Sq 

Vanderbilt— Madison  Ave.  &  34th  St 

Van  Rensselaer— 17  E.  11th   St. 

Waldorf-Astoria— 5th  Av.,  33d  &  34th   S*. 

Walton— Columbus  Ave.  &  70th  St 

Webster— 40  West  45th  St. 

Westminster— 420   W.   116th   St. 

Willard-252  W.  76th  St. 

Wolcott— 5th   Ave.   and   31st    St 

Woodstock-127  W.  43d  St. 

Woodward— Broadway   and   55th   St 

York— 7th    Ave.    and    36th    St 


THEATERS    AND 

Academy  of  Music— E.   14th  St. 
yEolian  Hall— W.  42d  St.,  bet.  5th  &  6i 
Alhambra    7th   Ave.,   126th   St. 
Ambassador    215   W.   49th    Si 
American —Eighth    Ave,    42d    St. 
Apollo— 225  W.  42d  St. 
Arena— 623  8th  Ave. 


AMUSEMENT    PLACES 

Astor    Broadway   and  45th   St. 
i.      Eandbox     57th    St.    and    3d    Ave. 

Belmont    48th  St..  east  of   Broadway. 

Belasco    1-ttli   St..   near  Broadway. 

Bijou    45th   St.,   west    <>!    Broadway. 

Booth  -45th,  west  of  Broadway. 

Brady's— 157   W.  48th   St. 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


123 


Brady's  Playhouse— 137  W.  48th  St. 
Broadhurst-^44th  St.,  west  of  Broadway. 
Broadway— Broadway,   41st   St. 
Candler— 226  W.   42d  St. 
Capitol— Broadway  and   51st   St. 
Carnegie  Lyceum— 57th  St.   &   7th  Ave. 
Carnegie  Music  Hall— 57th  St. 
Casino— Broadway,  39th  St. 
Central— 47th   St.    and   Broadway. 
Century— Eighth  Ave.  and  63d  St. 
Circle— Broadway   and  60th  St. 
Cohan's—  Broadway,  43d  St. 
Cohan   &  Harris-^42d  St.   and  7th   Ave. 
Comedy— 41st  St.  and  6th  Ave. 
Collier's-^lst   St.,   east   of   Broadway 
Colonial— Broadway  and  62d  St. 
Cort-^8th  St.,  east  of  Broadway. 
Criterion— Broadway,  44th  St. 
Earl   Carrol— 7th  Ave.   and  50th   St. 
Eltinge— West  42d  St. 
Empire— Broadway,    near   40th    St. 
Fifth  Avenue— Broadway,   near  28th   St. 
Forty-eighth  St.-^8th  St.,  east  of  B'way. 
Forty-fourth  St.— 44th  St.,  near  B'way. 
Forty-Ninth— 235   W.    49th   St. 
Frazee— 254  W.  42d  St. 
French   Theater— 65   West  35th   St. 
Fulton— W,   46th   St.,   near  Broadway. 
Gaiety— 46th  St.  and  Broadway. 
Garrick— 35th  St.,  near  6th  Ave. 
Globe— Broadway,   46th   St. 
Goodwin— 792    7th   Ave. 
Grand   Central   Palace— Lex.  Av.,  46th  St. 
Grand  Opera  House— 23d  St.,  8th  Ave. 
Greenwick  Village-^lth  St.   &  7th  Ave. 
Harris— 226   W.   42d  St. 
Hippodrome— Sixth  Ave.  and  43d  St, 
Hudson— W.  44th  St. 
Irving  Place— Irving  Place. 
Jolson's  59th  St.— 926  7th  Ave. 
Klaw— 251   W.   45th   St. 
Knickerbocker— Broadway,   at  38th   St. 


Lincoln   Square— 1947   Broadway. 

Little— 44th  St.,  west  of  Broadway. 

Longacre— 48th   St.,   west  of   Broadway. 

Lyceum— 45th  St.,   near  Broadway. 

Lyric^*2d  St,  near  7th  Ave. 

Madison   Sq.   Garden— Madison  Av.,26th  St. 

Maxine  Elliott's— 39th  St.,   near  B'way. 

Metropolitan  Opera  House— B'way,  40th  St 

Henry  Miner's— 124  W.  43d  St. 

Morosco— 217  West  45th  St. 

Music   Box— 239  W.    45th  St. 

National— 208  W.   41st  St. 

New  Amsterdam— W.  42d  St.,  W.  of  7th  Av 

New   York— Broadway,  45th  St. 

Nora  Bayes— 44th  St.,  west  of  B'way. 

Palace— Broadway,  47th  St. 

Park— 59th  St.  and  Broadway. 

Playhouse — 48th    St.,    east    of    Broadway 

Plaza— Madison  Ave.,   59th   St.. 

Plymouth— 236   West   45th   St. 

Polo  Grounds  (baseball)— 8th  Av.,  157th  St. 

Princess— 39th   St.   and   Broadway. 

Proctor's— (1)  23d  St.     (2)  58th  St. 

(3)  B'way  and  28th  St.     (4)  E.  125th  St 
Punch  and  Judy— 49th  St.,  east  of  B'way 
Republic— 209  West  42d  St. 
Rialto— 7th  Ave.  and  42d  St. 
Ritz— 219   W.   45th   St. 
Ritz-Carlton— Mad.  Ave.,  46th  St. 
Rivoli— Broadway  and  49th  St 
Selwyn— W.  42d  St.,  west  of  7th  Ave. 
Shubert— 44th   St.,   W.  of  Broadway. 
Shubert-Riviera— Broadway    &   97th    St. 
Stadium  (City  College)— Amsterdam  Av. 

and  136th  St. 
State— 44th  St.  and  Broadway. 
Strand— Broadway   and  47th   St. 
Stuyvesant— 115   W.    44th    St. 
Thirty-ninth  Street— 39th,   near  B'way. 
Times   Square— 219   W.    42d  St. 
Town  Hall— 121  W.   43d  St. 


Vanderbilt— 48th  St.,  east  of  Broadway. 
Lexington   Opera   House— Lex.  Av.,  58th  St  West  End— 125th  St.,  8th  Ave. 
Lexington  Theater— Lex.  Av.   &  51st   St.      Winter  Garden— 50th   St.   and  Broadway 
Liberty— 234  West  42d  St. 

HACK  FARES 

Code  of   Ordinances.   City  of  New  York,   Chap.    14,  Art.  8. 
Sec.    102.     Rates    of   Fare.— The    maximum    rates   of   fare    for   public  hacks    shall    be 
as   follows: 

1.  Motor  Vehicles,  except  "Sight-seeing"  Cars.— For  not  more  than  2  passengers: 
For  the  first  half  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof.  30  cents;  for  each  succeeding  one- 
quarter  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof.  10  cents.  For  3  or  more  passengers:  For  the 
first  half  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  40  cents;  for  each  succeeding  one-sixth  mile, 
or   any    fraction   thereof,    10  cents. 

2.  Sight-seeing  Cars.— No  rates  are  hereby  established  for  sight-seeing  cars,  but  a 
schedule  of  the  rates  charged  for  each  trip  shall,  before  the  trip,  be  prominently 
displayed  upon  the  car,  and  a  charge  greater,  or  attempt  to  charge  any  passenger 
a  sum  greater  than  that  set  forth  in  said  schedules,  shall  be  deemed  a  violation 
of  this   article. 


i24  READY   REFERENCE   GUIDE. 

3.  Hone-drawn  Vehicles.— For  cabs:  For  the  first  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof, 
50  cents;  for  each  succeeding  one-half  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  20  cents.  For 
coaches:  For  the  first  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  70  cents;  for  each  succeeding 
one-half  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  30  cents. 

4.  Hourly  Rates  (applying  only  to  horse-drawn  vehicles  when  shopping  or  call- 
ing; not  including  park  or  road  driving,  nor  driving  more  than  5  miles  from  start- 
ing point). — For  the  first  hour,  or  any  part  thereof,  $1.50;  for  each  additional  one- 
half  hour,  50  cents. 

5.  Miles,  in  Manhattan.— In  case  of  public  hacks  on  which  taximeters  are  not 
affixed,  when  driving  on  the  numbered  streets,  or  numbered  and  lettered  avenues,  in 
the  Borough  of  Manhattan,  20  blocks  north  and  south,  and  7  blocks  between  the 
numbered  and  lettered  avenues,  constitute  a  mile  for  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance; 
this  provision  shall  be  set  forth  on  the  rate  card  hereinafter  required. 

6.  Applying  Generally.— (a)  For  waiting  time  at  the  rate  of  $1.50  per  hour,  (b)  For 
each  piece  of  luggage  carried  outside,  20  cents.  No  charge  shall,  however,  be  made 
for  hand-bags  and  suit-cases,  (c)  Ferriage  and  tolls  in  all  cases  to  be  paid  by  the 
party  using  the  vehicle. 

Sec.  103.  Prepayment  of  Fare.— Every  driver  of  a  public  hack  shall  have  the  right 
to  demand  payment  of  the  legal  fare  in  advance.  No  driver  of  a  licensed  hack 
shall  carry  any  other  person  than  the  passenger  first  employing  a  hack,  without 
the  consent  of  said  passenger. 

Sec.  104.  Disputed  Fares.— All  disputes  as  to  fares  shall  be  determined  by  the  or 
ficer  in  charge  of  the  police  station  nearest  to  the  place  where  the  dispute  is  had 


CHURCHES. 

There  are  more  than  a  thousand  churches  in  Greater  New  York.  A  list  of  con 
venient  churches  will  be  found  in  most  hotels.  The  Saturday  papers  contain  church 
announcements.     Some  churches  of  the  several  denominations  are: 

Baptist:  Protestant  Episcopal: 

Calvary— West  57th  St.  Trinity— Broadway  and  Rector. 

Madison  Avenue— At  31st  St.  St.    Paul's— Broadway    and   Vesey. 

Grace— Broadway  and  10th  St. 
St.  Thomas's— Fifth  Ave.  and  53d  St. 
Reformed: 
Marble  Church— 5th  Ave.   and  39th   St 
St.   Nicholas— Fifth  Ave.   and  48th. 
Roman  Catholic: 
St.  Francis  Xavier— West  16th  St. 
St.  Ignatius   Loyela— Park  Ave.   &  84th 
Jewish:  St.  Leo's-No.  11  E.  28th  St. 


Christian  Scientist: 

First  Church— Central   Park  W.,  96th  St. 
Congregational: 

Broadway  Tabernacle — B'way,  56th  Sfc 

Plymouth— Brooklyn,  Orange  St. 
Friends: 

East  lSth  St.,   Rutherford  Place 


Temple  Beth-El-Fifth  Ave.,  76th  St.  St  Patrick's  Cathedral-5th  Av.,  50th  St 

Temple  Emanu-El— Fifth  Ave.,  43d   St.     _   ..     . 

Unitarian: 

Lutheran:  Messiah-Park  Ave.  and  E.  34th  St. 

St.  James— Madison  Ave.,  E.  73d  St.         _   .  ... 

*  Universalist: 

Methodist   Episcopal:  Divine   Paternity-Central   Pk.  W.,  76th 

John  Street— 44  John  St.  _  .     ,_  _T       tM   ...     _   ,,  .     _ 

:,    ..  A  w  j-  ™4U   c  Salvation   Army— No.    122   West   14th   St. 

Madison  Avenue — Madison  Av.,  60th   St- 

_      .    .     .  Volunteers  of  America— No.  397  Bowery. 

Presbyterian : 

Brick-Fifth  Ave.   and  37th  St.  Y-  M-  C-  A.-No.  215  West  23d  St. 

First— Fifth  Ave.   and  11th   St.  Y.  W.  C.  A.— No.   7  East   15th   St. 


STREET    DIRECTORY, 


All  numbered  East  Side  streets  from  E.  8th  to  E.  142d  begin  at  5th  Av.  and  run  U 
East  River.  Beginning  with  E.  11th  St.,  one  hundred  numbers  are  used  on  each 
block  between  the  avenues  (Madison  and  Lexington  avenues  not  considered).  The 
location  of  any  given  number  is  thus  definitely  indicated. 

All  numbered  West  Side  streets  from  W.  10th  to  W.  144th  begin  at  5th  av.  (e>» 
cept  those  from  59th  to  109th,  which  begin  at  Central  Park  W.)  and  run  to  North  or 
Hudson  River,  the  same  principle  of  numbering  being  used. 

All  odd  numbers  are  on  the  north  side  of  the  street,  the  even  nu  mbers  on  the  south 
lide. 

Cross  street  numbers  begin  at  5th  av.  and  progress,  100  to  the  block,  as  here: 


«-    WEST. 

EAST.    -> 

>' 

► 

t>" 

> 

> 

> 

> 

< 

03 

rt 

rt 

rt 

a 

a 

rt 

a 

V 

V 

| 

A 

.c 

J3 

X! 

JS 

A 

> 

> 

£ 

£ 

I- 

5© 

Si 

T* 

32 

<N 

< 

< 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

1 

1 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

599 

499 

399 

299 

199 

99 

99 

199 

299 

399 

499 

599 

Abingdon  sq.  Bleecker 
f'm  Bank  to  8th  av., 
f'm  2  to  20  8th  av., 
f'm  585  to  609  Hud- 
son 
Academy,  f'm    Harlem 
R.,  N.  of  Dyckman, 
W.  to  Seaman  av. 
Albany,  f'm  122   Green- 
wich, W.  to  N.  R. 
Alexander      Hamilton 
Pk.,  bet.  9th  &  10th 
avs.  &  W.  27th  &  28th 
Allen,    f'm    104    Divi- 
sion, N.  to  E.  Hous- 
ton 
12  Canal 
38  Hester 
66  Grand 
86  Broome 

114  Delancey 
140  Rivington 
170  Stanton 

Amsterdam  av.,  con- 
tinuation of  10th  av. 
f'm  W.  59th  to  218th 

115  W.  65th 
219  W.  70th 
—  Broadway 
317  W.  75th 
435  W.  81st 
535  W.  86th 
675  W.  93d 
897  W.  104th 
995  W.  109th 

1315  W.  125th 
1417  W.  130th 
1521  W.  135th 
1715  W.  145th 
1917  W.  155th 
2117  W.  165th 

Ann,  f'm  222  Broad- 
way,  E.   to  Gold 

Astor  Ct.,  f'm  21  W. 
33d,  N.  to  W.  34th 

Astor  PI.,  from  74s, 
B'way,   E.  to  3d  av 

Audubon  av.,  f'm  W. 
158th,  bet.  Amster- 
dam av.  &  B'way, 
N.  to  Ft^  George  av. 

Auuuuon  Pk..  bet.  W. 
155th  and  158th  and 
B'way  and   12th  av. 

Av.    A,    from    230    E. 
Houston,    N.    to    E. 
93d. 
112  7th 


224  E.  14th 
372  E.  23d 
1012  E.  55th 
1112  E.  60th 
1308  E.  70th 
1512  E.  80th 
1752  E.  92d 
Av.    B,    from    294    E. 
Houston,   N.   to   E. 
79th 
109  7th 
231  E.  14th 
—  E.  20th 
Av.     C,    from  358   E. 
Houston,  N.  to  EA. 
104  7th 
212  E.  13th 
■ —  E.  18th 
Av.    D,    from   426   E. 
Houston,  N.  toE.R. 
90  7th 
158  E.  11th 
Bank,    f'm   85   Green- 
wich av,  W.  to  N.  R. 
51  W.   4th 
81  Bleeckt 

—  Hudsjn 
— Greenwich 

131  Washington 
169  West 
Barclay,      from       227 
B'way,    W.  to  N.  R. 
23  Church 
53  W.    Broadway 
73  Greenwich 
87  Washington 
1Q9  West 
Barrow,  f'm  134  Wash- 
ington pi.,  to  N.  R. 
BaVcvia,  f.n  78    Roose- 

elt,   E.   to  James 
battery    Pk.,    foot    of 

Broadway. 
Battery    PI.,    from    1 
Broadway,     W.     to 
N.   R. 
Baxter,  f'm  166   Park 
Row,  N.  to  Grand 
27  Park 
23  Worth 

—  Leonard 

—  Franklin 
71  Bayard 

—  White 

—  Walker 
99  Canal 

129  Hester 


Bayard,  f'm  70  Divi- 
sion, W.  to  Baxter 

Beach,  from  250  W. 
B'way,  W.  to  N.  R. 

Beaver,  from  8  Broad- 
way, E.  to  Pearl. 

—  New 
30  Broad 
64  William 
74  Hanover 

Bedford,  from  180  W. 
Houston    to    Chris- 
topher 
Beekman.f'm  34  Park 
Row,  E.  to  E.  R. 
9  Nassau 
37  William 
61  Gold 
89  Cliff 
103  Pearl 
119  Water 
145  Front 
—  South 
Beekman   PI.,  f'm  429 

E.  49th,  N.  to  51st 
Belvedere       PI.,       W. 
30th,    bet.    9th    and 
10th  avs. 
Bethune,       from      591 
Hudson,  W.  to  N.R. 
Birmingham,   from   84 
Henry,  S.  to   Madi- 
son 
Bleecker,     from       318 
Bowery  to  8th  av. 

—  Elizabeth 

—  Mott 

—  Mulberry 
51  Elm 

—  Crosby 
73  Broadway 
89  Mercer 

105  Greene 

121  Wooster 

139  W.  Broadway 

153  Thompson 

169  Sullivan 

187  Macdougal 

231  Carmine 

295  Barrow 

315  Grove 

327  Christopher 

347  W.   10th 

365  Charles 

383  Perry 

401  W.  11th 

417  Bank 


Bond,  f'm  658  Broad- 
way,   E.   to    Bowery 
Boulevard     Lafayette, 
f'm  B'way,  near  W. 
156th,  N.  and  W.  to 
Dyckman 
Boulevard      PI.,      W. 
130th,    bet.    5th   and 
Lenox  av. 
Bowery,        from       13 
Chatham  sq.,  N.  to 
4th  av. 
29  Bayard 
61  Canal 
93  Hester 
127  Grand 
151  Broome 
181   Delancey 

Spring 

213  Rivington 

—  Prince 
245  Stanton 

279  E.   Houston 
303  1st 

—  Bleecker 
323  2d 

—  Bona 
345  3d 

—  Great   Jones 
361  E.  4th 

379  5th 
395  6th 

—  4th  ave. 
Bowling    Green,  fron. 

Whitehall,     W.     to 
State. 
Bowling    Green    Pk., 

foot   of    Broadway 
Bradhurst    av.,    from 
Edgecomb    av.    and 
W.  142d,   N.   to  W 
155th 
Bridge,  from  15  State 

E.  to  Broad 
Broad,  f'm  21  Wall,  fe 
to  East   River 
28  Exchange  PI. 
68  Beaver 
72  Marketfield 
—  S.    William 
88  Stone 
98  Bridge 
100  Pearl 
108  Water 
122  Front 
144  South 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


Broadway. 


broadway,     from    1    Battery        461 
PI.,   N.   to   Spuyten  Duyvil        487 

Creek  527 

—  8  Beaver  567 
27  —  Morris  609 
55        —  Exchange  alley  641 

—  56  Exchange  PI.  — 
73       —  Rector  681 

—  86  Wall  — 

—  106  Pine  697 
111  —  Thames  713 
119  124  Cedar  727 
145  144  Liberty  — 
171       —  Cortland  755 

—  172  Maiden    Lane  785 

—  184  John  819 
191  —  Dey  853 
207  210  Fulton  Union  Sq 

—  222  Ann  West 

—  —  Yesey  857      860 
227  s       Barclay  871 
237  *%    Park    PI.  901 

—  "T  J3    Mail  957 

247  -Ch    Murray  

259  U       Warren  1099 

271      274  Chambers  1119 

287      288  Reade  1139 

303      302  Duane  1183 

317      — Thomas  1227 

—  318  Pearl  1291 
333      334  Worth  - — ■ 

—  344  Catharine  Lane  1311 
347  348  Leonard  1391 
363  362  Franklin  1467 
379      378  White  1525 

399      398  Walker  

413      —  Lispenard  1549 

417      416  Canal  1629 

429      432  Howard  1729 


458  Grand 

486  Broome 

526  Spring 

566  Prince 

608  W.  &  E.  Houston 

640  Bleecker 

658  Bond 

— W.  3d 

682  Great  Jones 

694  W.  and  E.  4th 

-  Washington   PI. 

Waverley  PI. 

744  Astor   PI. 
754  E.  8th 
784  E.  10th 
824  E.  12th 
858  E.  14th 

E.  15th 

E.  16th 
E.  17th 
E.  18th 
E.  20th 
E.  23d 
—  5th   av. 

W.  24th 

W.  25th 

1134  W.  26th 
1172  W.  28th 
1216  W.  30th 

33d 
av 


872 
900 
958 


1280  W. 

6th 

1300  W.  34th 
1390  W.  38th 
1470  W. 
1530  W. 

7th 

1550  W.  46th 
1630  W.  50th 
1728  W.  55th 


42d 
45th 
av. 


1805  1810  W.  59th 

8th  av. 

1829  1820  W.  60th 

1936  W.  65th 

Columbus  av. 

1959  W.  66th 

W.  71st 

Amsterdam  av 

2079  W.  72d 

2157  2158  W.  76th 

2255  W.  81st 

2395  2398  W.  88th 

2495  W.  93d 

2574  W.  97th 

2717  W.  104th 

2837  2834  W.  110th 

2915  2914  W.  114th 

3137  3134  W.  125th 

3188  Manhattan 

3226  W.  130th 

3329  W.  135th 

3478  W.  142d 

3674    W.  152d 

W.  153d 

Trinity   Cemetery 

3741  3740  W.  155th 

3936  W.  165th 

4054  W.  171st 

4234  W.  180th 

4341  W.  185th 

Ft.  Washingt'n  a? 

4634  Sherman    av. 

Dyckman 

Isham 

Harlem    River 

W.  211th 

5160  W.  219th 

5147  Isham 

5189  Terrace  View  av 


Broome,    f'm    15  East 
St.,  W.  to  Hudson 
50  Lewis 
82  Columbia 
178  Clinton 
242  Ludlow 
274  Allen 
tt6  Bowery 
IS8  Mulberry 
114  Elm 
142  Rroadway 
152  Mercer 
166  Greene 
182  Wooster 
500  \Y.   Broadway 
"•62  Varick 
')90  Hudson 
-trvant    Pk.,    bet.    5th 
&  6th  avs.,   \\  .  40th 
&  42d     ' 
Burling   SI.,    from   234 
Pearl  to  East   Rj\  er 
^anal,   from  182   East 
R'way,  W.  to  N.    R 
23  Division 
71  Allen 
105  Forsyth 
145  Bowery 
201   Mulberry 
249  Elm 
283  Broadway 
Sll  Mercer 
t31  Greene 

Church 

355  Wooster 

375  W.  Broadway 
395  Thompson 

Laight 

415  Sullivan 


429  Varick 

Vestry 

485  Hudson 
487  Watts 
503  Renwick 
521  Greenwich 
641  Washington 
Pk.    West 
Canal   St.    Pk.,  Canal, 

cor.  West 
Cannon,  fm  538  Grand 

N.  to  E.  Houston 
Carlisle,  fm  112  Green- 
wich,  W.  to   N.   R. 
Carmine,    from   1    6th 
av.  to  Varick 
15  Bleecker 
49  Bedford 
81  Varick 
Caroline,      from      211 

Duane,  N.  to  Jay 
Catharine,  f'm  1  Divi- 
sion, S.  to  Cherry 
Catharine    Mkt.,    foot 

Catherine 
Catharine  Slip,  from 
115Cherry,S.  to  E.R. 
Cathedral  Parkway, 
W.  110th.  from  5th 
av.  to    Riverside   av 

Cedar,   f'm   181    Pearl, 
W.  to  North   River 
39  William 
—  Nassau 
89  Broadway 
127  Greenwich 
143  Washington 
159  West 


Central  Park,  bet.  5th 

&  8th  avs.  and  59th 

&  110th  Sts. 
Central  Park  S.,  59th 

from  5th  to  8th  avs. 
Central  Park,  W.,  8th 

av.,  f'm  W.  59th  to 

110th 

20  W.  62d 
99  W.  70th 

150  W   75th 
228  W.  83d 
278  W.  88th 
330  W.  93d 
379  W.  98th 
439  W.  104th 
477  W.  108th 
Centre,  f'm  City  Hall 
Pk.,  N.  to  Broome 
12  Chambers 

68  Worth 
158  Canal 
224  Grand 

Centre  Market,  Grand 

cor.   Centre 
Chambers,  f'm  96  Park 

Row.   W.  to   N.   R. 

21  Centre 

69  Rroadway 
99  Church 

131  W.  Rroadwav 
139  Hudson 
171   Greenwicl 
183  Washington 
205  West 

Charles,  f'm  37  Green- 
wich av.W.  to  N.R. 

Charlton,  fm  29  Mac- 
dougal,  W.  to  N.  R. 


Chatham   Sq.,   from  t 

Mott  to   Oliver 
Chelsea   Sq.,   bet.   9tb 
&  10th  avs.,  20th  & 
21st 
Cherry,   f'm  340  Pearl 

E.   to   East   River 
Chestnut    f'm  8  Oak, 

N.  to  Madison 
Christopher,     from    I 
Greenwich     av.     to 
North  River 
31  Waverley    PI. 
63  W.  4th 
91  Bleecker 
129  Hudson 
187  West 
Chrystie,  f'm  44  Divi 
sion  to   E.  Houstot 
Church,    f'm    99    Lib 
erty,  N.  to  Canal 
17  Cortlandt 
107  Park  PI. 
189  Duane 
261   Franklin 
333  Canal 
Citv  Hall   PI.,  from  U 
Chambers  to   Pear? 
City     Hall     Sq.,     bet 
Tryon       Row      anc 
Spruce   St. 
Claremont    av.,    from 
W.    116th.    between 
B'way   &  Riverside 
av.,  N.  to  W.  127th 
Claremont    PI.,    from 
Claremont    av.,     N. 
of    W.    122d,   W.  to 
Riverside  av. 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


Clarke,        from       538 
Broome,       N.       to 
Spring 
Clarkson,       from     225 
Varick,  W.  to  N.  R. 
Cliff,   from   101  John, 
N.E.  to  Hague 
34  Fulton 
54  Beekman 
72  Ferry 
102  Frankfort 
Clinton,    from   293    E. 
Houston,  S.  to  E.  R. 

71  Rivington 
163  Grand 
197  E.   Broadway 
233  Monroe 
255  Water 
Coenties   SI.,   from  66 

Pearl,   S    to  E.   R. 

Collister,       from       51 

Beach,  N.  to  Laight 

Columbia,     from     520 

Grand,     N.     to     E. 

Houston 

Columbia  PL,  386  E. 

8th 
ttohnntau  xr  ,  xtaiii 
uation    of    9th    av., 
from  \V.  59th,  N.  to 
W.  127th 

-  \V.  64th 
97  Broadway 

139  \V.  66th 
257  W.  72d 
315  \V.  75th 

-  W.  81st 
515  W.  85th 
617  W.  90th 
677  W.  93d 
775  W.  98th 
893  W.  104th 
995  W.  109th 

1293  W.  124th 
Commerce,    from    286 

Bleecker  to   Barrow 
Congress,  f'm  177  W. 

Houston,  S.  to  King 
Convent      av.,      from 

Columbus    av.    and 

W.  127th,  N.  to  W. 

152d 

-  W.  127th 

-  \V.  135th 

-  W.  140th 

91  W.  145th 
189  W.  150th 

Convent  Hill,  W. 
130th,  bet.  St. 
Nicholas  and  Con- 
vent avs. 

Cooper,  from  Acad- 
emy, bet.  B'way  & 
Seaman  av.  to  Isham 

Cooper  Pk.,  junction 
of  3d  and  4th   avs. 

Corlears,  from  587 
Grand,   S.   to   E.   R. 

Cornelia,  f'm  158  W. 
4th,  W.  to  Bleecker 

Cortlandt,     from     171 
B'way,  W.  to  N.  R. 
26  Church 
50  Greenwich 
76  Washington 

92  West 
Cottage  PI.,  Hancock 

at. 


Crosby    f'm  28   How- 
ard, N.  to  Bleecker 

23  Grand 
39  Broome 

71  Spring 
105  Prince 

143  E.  Houston 
Delancey,     from     181 

Bowery,  E.  to  E.  R. 
Depau    PI.,   185  &  187 

Thompson 
Depew  PI.,  f'm  E.  42d 

bet.     Vanderbilt     & 

Lexington    avs.,    to 

E.   45th 
Depeyster,     from    139 

Water,   S.  to  E.   R. 
Desbrosses,    from    195 

Hudson,  W.  to  N.R. 
De  Witt  Clinton  Pk., 

bet.     11th    av.    and 

Hudson    River,    and 

52d  and  54th   sts. 
Dey,    f'm    191    B'way, 

W.   vo   North   River 

24  Church 

58  Greenwich 

72  Washington 
H  fVrrt 

i>i«  ision,  f'm  1  B^#- 
ery,    E.    to   Grand 

—  Chrystie 

—  Forsyth 

—  Bayard 
61  Market 

—  Eldridge 

—  Allen 
107  Pike 

—  Orchard 
143  Canal 

—  Ludlow 

—  Essex 

Wm.   H.    Seward   Pk 

—  Norfolk 
179  Jefferson 

—  Suffolk 

—  Hester 
207  Clinton 

—  Attorney 
247  Montgomery 

—  Ridge 

—  Pitt 

275  Gouverneur 
Dominick,      from      13 
Clarke,  W.  to  Hud- 
son 
Dover,  f'm  340  Pearl, 

S.    to    East    River 
Downing,      from     216 
Bleecker,       W.      to 
Varick 
Doyers,    f'm  13    Chat- 
ham Sq.,  to  Pell 
Dry  Dock,  f'm  423  E. 
10th,  N.  to  E.  12th 
Duane,  from  40  Rose, 
W.   to   North   River 
21  Park    Row 
89  Broadway 
149  W.    Broadway 
185  Greenwich 
217  West 
Duncomb       PI.,       E. 
128th,    bet.    2d    and 
3d   avs. 
Dunham    PI.,   142   W. 

33d 
Dunscomb      PI.,      E. 
50th,  bet.  1st  av.  & 
Beekman  Place. 


Dutch,   from   49  John 

to   Fulton 
Dyckman,   from   Har- 
lem    River,     S.     of 
Academy,  to   N.  R. 
East,     from    750    Wa- 
ter, N.  to  Rivingt'n 
E.    Broadway,   f'm    19 
Chatham    Square  to 
Grand 
15  Catharine 
73  Market 
117  Pike 
163  Rutgers 

—  Canal 
189  Jefferson 
219  Clinton 

259  Montgomery 
287  Gouverneur 

299  Scammel 

East  End  av.,  Av.  B, 
f'm  E.   79th  to  89th 
1  E.  79th 
95  E.  84th 

East  River  Pk. 

—  E.  89th 

E.   Houston,  f'm     608 
B'way,  E.  to  E    R 
87  Bowery 

—  2d  av. 

—  1st   av. 

—  Av.  A 

—  Av.  B 
357  Pitt 

Hamilton    Fish    Pk. 

—  Av  C 
463  Lewis 
509  Mangin 

E.  River  Pk.,  bet.  E. 
End    av.    &    E.    R., 
&  E.  84th  &  E.  89th 
E.  4th,  f'm  694  Broad- 
way,  E.   to   E.   R. 
20  Lafayette   PI. 
44  Bowery 
82  2d   av. 
130  1st  av. 
180  Av.  A 
242  Av.  B 

300  Av.  C 
S60  Av.  D 
392  Lewis 

E.  8th,  f'm  7  5th  av., 
E.  to  East  River 
42  University     PL 
44  Greene 
60  Mercer 
130  Broadway 
142  Lafayette    PL 

—  4th  av. 

St.    Mark's    PL 
Tompkins  Sq. 
300  Av.  B 
342  Av.  C 

Columbia  PL 
408  Av.   D 
426   Lewis 
E.    9th,    from    21    5th 
av.,    E.    to    E.    R. 
20  University    PL 
68  Broadway 
92  4th   av. 

—  3d   av. 

—  Stuyvesant 
238  2d  av. 

348  1st  av. 
442  Av.  A 

Tompkins    Sq. 
650  Av.  C 
752  Av.  D 


E.  10th,  f'm  33  5th  a* 
E.  to  East  River 
26  University    PI 
56  Broadway 

—  4th   av. 
98  3d  av. 

128  Stuyvesant 
242  1st    av. 
288  Av.   A. 

Tompkins    Sq 
Sq.  Av.  B 
394  Av.    C 
448  Av.  D 
E.    11th,    from   41  5tk 
av.,    E.   to   E.    R. 

34  University    PI 

82  Broadway 
100  4th  av. 
200  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
500  Av.  A 
600  Av.  B 
700  Av.  C 
724  Dry  Dock 

—  Av.    D 

E.    12th,    f'm    51    6tl 
av.,  E.  to  E.  R. 
28  University   Pi 
58  Broadway 
100  4th  av. 

200  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
500  Av.  A 
600  Av.  B 
700  Av.  C 

728  Dry   Dock 
800  Av.   D 
E.  13th,  f'm  61  5th  av, 
E.    to    East    River 
numbered     like     E 
12th 
E.  14th,  f'm  67  5th  av. 
E.  to  East  River 
— Union   Sq.,    W 
36  University   PI 
50  Broadway 
100  4th   av. 

—  Irving    PL 

201  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
500  Av.  A 
600  Av.  B 

—  Av.  C 

E.   15th,  f'm  71  5th  av. 
E.  to  East  River 

22  Union   Sq.,   W 
114  Irving   PL 
200  3d  av. 

—  Rutherford  PI 
300  2d  av. 

—  Livingston   PI 
400  1st  av. 

500  Av.  A 
600  Av.  B 
700  Av.  C 
E.    16th,  f'm  81  5th  av. 
E.    to    East    River 
numbered  like  E.15th 
E.    17th,  f'm  93  5th  av.. 
E.    to    East    River 
numbered  like  E.15tr 
E.   18th,   from  107  5tb 
av.,     E.     to     E.   R., 

28  Broadway 
100  4th  av. 
118  Irving  PL 
200  3d  av. 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


too  2d  *r. 
400  1st  av. 
600  Av.  A 
600  Av.  B 
700  Av.  C 
E.  19th,    from  117  5th 
av.,     E.    to    E.     R., 
numbered  like  E.18th 
E.  20th,  from  133  5th 
av.,  E.  to  East  River 

8  Broadway 
100  4th  av. 

—  Gramercy    Pk. 
124  Irving   PI. 
200  3d  av. 

300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
500  Av.  A 
E.  21st,  from  147  6th 
av.,    E.    to    E.    R., 
numbered  like  E.20th 
E.   22d,   from   165  6th 
av.,  E.  to  East  River 

—  Broadway 
100  4th  av. 

128  Lexington   av. 
200  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
600  Av.  A 
E.   23d,   from   185  5th 
av.,  E.  to  East  River 
2  Broadway 

—  Madison  av. 
100  4th  av. 

200  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
600  Av.  A 
E.      24th,      from      11 
Madison  av.,   E.   to 
East  River 
100  4th  av. 
134  Lexington   av. 
200  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
600  Av.  A 
E.  25th,  from  21  Mad- 
ison av.,  E.  to  E.  R. 
88  Madison   av. 
100  4th  av. 
132  Lexington   av. 
200  3d  av. 
300  2d  av. 
400  1st  av. 
E.    26th,    f'm   215  6th 
av.,  E.  to  East  River 

—  5th   av. 
Madison  Sq.   N. 
Sq.  Madison  av. 
100  4th  av. 

128  Lexington  av. 

200  3d  av. 

300  2d  av. 

400  1st  av. 

600  Av.  A 
AH  numbered  East 
Side  streets  f'm  26th 
to  Harlem  River 
commence  at  5th  av. 
and  run  E.  to  E.R., 
and  are  numbered 
similar  to  26th  St., 
a  hundred   numbers 

being  on  each  block 
between     the    num- 
bered   avenues. 
Edgar,   f'm   59  Green- 
wich to  Trinity  PI. 


Edgecomb    av.,    from 
junc.    St.    Nicholas 
av.  and  W.  136th  to 
165th 
46  W.  137th 
116  W.  140th 
230  W.  145th 

—  W.  155th 
Edgecomb   Rd.,   from 

W.  155th  and  St 
Nicholas  av.,  to 
Amsterdam  av.. 
Eighth  av.,  from  598 
Hudson,  N.  to  Har- 
lem   River. 

2  Abingdon   Sq. 
20  W.  12th 

—  W.  4th 
60  Horatio 

Jackson    Sq. 

—  W.  13th 

—  Greenwich  av. 
78  W.  14th 

160  W.  18th 

254  W.  23d 

356  W.  28th 

474  W.  34th 

568  W.  38th 

678  W.  42d 

718  W.  45th 

828  W.  50th 

888  W.  53d 

988  W.  58th 
Central    Park   West 
2050  W.  11th 
2144  W.  116th 
2224  W.  120th 
2236  St.  Nicholas  av. 
2330  W.  125th 
2428  W.  130th 
2534  W.  135th 

W.  140th 

W.  145th 

W.  150th 

2910  W.  153d 

Eldridge,  f'm  86  Divi- 
sion, to  E.  Houston 
Eleventh  av.,  f'm  W. 
14th,  N.  to  Naegleav. 

80  W.  18th 
180  W.  23d 
280  W.  28th 
394  W.  34th 
552  W.  42d 
700  W.  60th 
794  W.  55th 
852  W.  59th 
West  End  av. 

—  W.  173d 

—  W.  180th 

—  W.  190th 

—  Audubon    av. 

—  F.    George  av. 

—  Naegle    av. 
Elizabeth,       from     52 

Bayard,         N.         to 
Bleecker 

30  Canal 
100  Grand 
216  Prince 

270  E.    Houston 
Elm,    f'r»    14     Reade, 
N.  to 
15  Duane 

31  Pearl 


Elwood,  f'm  Hillside 
av..  bet.  B'way  & 
11th  av.,  to  Sher- 
man   av. 


Emerson,  from  Am- 
sterdam av.,  opp. 
W.  207th,  to  Pres- 
cott  av. 

Essex,  from  160  Divi- 
sion, N.  to  E.  Hous- 
ton 

Essex  Mkt.  PL,  f'm 
68  Ludlow,  to  Essex 

Exchange  Al.,  f'm  55 
B'way,  to  Trinity 
Place. 

Exchange  Ct.,  74  Ex- 
change   Place 

Exchange  PL,  f'm  6 
Hanover   to    B'way 

Extra  PL,  rear  of  10 
1st   St. 

Farmer's  Mkt.,  Wash- 
ington, cor.  Ganse- 
voort 

Ferry,  from  88  Gold 
to  Pearl 

Fifth,  f'm  379  Bowery, 
E.  to  East  River 
200  Bowery 
246  2d  av. 

-  Av.  A. 
752  Av.  D. 

fifth  Avenue 
Fifth     av.,     from     12 
Washington   Sq.     to 
Harlem   River 

-  E.  8th 
21  E.  9th 
33  E.  10th 
67  E.    14th 

107  E.  18th 
133  E.  20th 
185  E.    23d 

—  Broadway 
249  E.  28th 
281  E.  30th 
315  E.  32d 
353  E.  34th 
387  E.  36th 
421  E.  38th 
457  E.  40th 
499  E.  42d 
545  E.  45th 
623  E.  60th 
703  E.  55th 
751  E.  58th 
775  E.  59th 
787  E.  60th 
837  E.  65th 
884  E.  70th 
939  E.  75th 
989  E.    80th 

1038  E.  85th 
1089  E.  90th 
1139  E.  95th 
1189  E.  100th 
1239  E.  105th 
1289  E.  110th 
1335  E.  112th 
1415  E.  116th 
1475  E.  119th 

E.  120th 

Mt.  Morris  Park. 
2001  E.  124th 
2021  E.  125th 
2119  E.  130th 
2217  E.  135th 
2321  E.  140th 

E.  142d 

Harlem    River 

First,  f'm  303  Bowery, 

E.  to  Av.  A. 
27  2d  Ave. 
73  1st  av. 


First  av.,   f'm   166  E 

Houston  to  Harlem 
River 
10  1st 

116  7th 

232  E.  14th 

304  E.  18th 

392  E.  23d 

—  E.  28th 

—  E.  34th 
738  E.  42d 

E.  50th 

1000  E.  55th 
1100  E.  60th 
1200  E.  65th 
1300  E.  70th 
1442  E.  75th 
1528  E.  80th 
1634  E.  85th 
1734  E.  90th 

E.  95th 

1934  E.  100th 
2034  E.  105th 

E.  110th 

Thos.  Jefferson  Pk. 
2236  E.  115th 

2336  E.  120th 
2434  E.  125th 
Fletcher,      from      208 
Pearl,    S.    to    E.    R 
Forsyth,   f'm  68  Divi- 
sion to  E.  Houston 
90  Grand 
188  Stanton 
Ft.    George  av.,   from 
Amsterdam   av.  and 
W.     190th,     W.     to 
11th  av. 
Ft.    Washington    av., 
f'm    B'way   and    W 
159th,   N.  to   B'way 
Fourth    av.,    continu 
ation   of   Bowery  to 
E.  34th 
39  Astor   PL 
59  E.   9th 
157  E.  14th 
Union   Square 
247  E.  20th 
289  E.  23d 
401  E.  28th 
477  E.  32d 
Frankfort,     from     170 
Nassau,  E.  to  Pearl 
17  William 
4S  Gold 
75  Cliff 
Franklin  f'm  64  Bax 
ter,  W.  to  N.  R. 
38  Elm 
64  Broadway 
94  Church 
124  W.    Broadway. 
166  Hudson 
194  Greenwich 
198  Washington 
218  West 
Franklin   PL,  from  68 
Franklin    to    White 
Franklin  Sq.,  from  10 

Cherry  to  Pearl 
Front,  f'm  49  White 
hall  to  Roosevelt 
and  from  South  cor 
Montgomery  to  East 
River 

5  Moore 
21  Broad 
113  Wall 

151  Maiden     Lane 
199  Fulton 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


291  Roosevelt 
301  Montgomery 
317  Gouverneur    si. 
371  Jackson 
Fulton,  f'm  93  South, 
W.   to   North   River 
Market  Front 
25  Water 
37  Pearl 
53  Cliff 
79  Gold 
99  William 

—  Dutch 
123  Nassau 
165  Broadway 
187  Church 
225  Greenwich 
239  Washington 

West 
Gansevoort,    from   356 
W.  4th,  N.  to  N.  R. 
Gay,    f'm    141    Waver- 
ley    PI.    to    Christo- 
pher 
Goerck,  f'm  574  Grand 

N.    to    3d 
Gold,  from  87  Maiden 
Lane   to    Frankfort 
12  Piatt 
24  John 
50  Fulton 

—  Ann 

64  Beekman 

—  Spruce 
Gouverneur,  from  275 

Division,  S.  to  Wa- 
ter 
Gouverneur   SI.,  from 
371     South,     N.     to 
Water 
Gramercy  Pk.,  f'm  E. 
20th  to  E.  2lst,  bet. 
3d  and  4th  avs. 
Grand,  f'm  78  Yarick, 
E.  to  East  River 
17  Sullivan 
33  Thompson 
49  W.    Broadway 
71  Wooster 
87  Greene 
105  Mercer 
119  Broadway 
131  Crosby 
151  Elm 
'63  Centre 

Centre    Market 
171   Baxter 
189  Mulberry 
203  Mott 
219  Elizabeth 
235  Bowery 
253  Chrystie 
269  Forsyth 
289  Eldridge 
307  Allen 
321   Orchard 
339  Ludlow 
355  Rssex 
373  Vorfolk 
189  Suffolk 
107  Clinton 
423  Attorney 
♦41    Ridge 
459  Pitt 
471   Division 
473  E.   Broadway 

—  Willett 

—  Sheriff 

—  Columbia 
527  Henry 

Cannon 


641  Jackson 

—  Lewis 
567  Madison 
■ —  Goerck 
589  Corlears 

—  Mangin 
599  Monroe 

—  Tompkins 
625  East 

Grand   Circle,   8th  av., 
bet.   W.  58th  &  W. 
60th 
Great    Jones,    f'm    682 

B'way,  to  Bowery 
Greeley   Sq.,    between 
Broadway    and    6th 
av.,  32d  and  34th 
Greene,        from       331 
Canal,  N.  to  E.  8th 
36  Grand 
54  Broome 
84  Spring 
120  Prince 
146  W.    Houston 
182  Bleecker 
214  W.  3d 
224  W.  4th 
246  Washington  PI. 
260  E.   8th 
Greenwich,      from      4 
Battery        PI.,        to 
Gansevoort 
89  Rector 
139  Cedar 
149  Liberty 
169  Cortlandt 
185  Dey 
197  Fulton 
213  Vesey 
229  Barclay 
249  Park    PI. 
267  Murray 
283  Warren 
301  Chambers 
369  Franklin 
477  Canal 
583  W.    Houston 
677  Christopher 
695  W.  10th 
795  VV.  12th 
819  Horatio 
Greenwich    av.,    from 
105    6th    av.    to    8th 
av. 

—  Christopher 
Jefferson  Market 

16  \V.  10th 

—  Charles 

—  Perry 
72  W.  11th 
74  7th    av. 

—  Bank 
88  \Y.  12th 

—  Jane 
118  W.  13th 

—  Horatio 
Grove,  from  488  Hud- 
son to  Waverley  pi. 

18  Bedford 
48  Bleecker 
76  W.  4th 
Hague,   f'm    367  Pearl 

W.  to  Cliff 
Hamilton,  from  73 
Catharine,  E.  to 
Market 
Hamilton  Fish  Pk., 
bet.  Stanton,  E. 
Houston,  Pitt  and 
Sheriff 


Hamilton     PL,     from 
Broadway    c.     137th 
to    Amsterdam    and 
144th 
Hamilton    Ter.,    from 
W.    141st,    n.     Con- 
vent av.,   N.   to  W. 
144th 
Hancock,  f'm  176  W. 
Houston,    North   to 
Bleecker 
Hancock  PI.,  Manhat- 
tan,  from  St.   Nich- 
olas   av.    to    Colum- 
bus av. 
Hancock   Sq.,  bet.  St. 
Nicholas   and    Man- 
hattan avs.   and   W. 
123d 
Hanover,  f'm  57  Wall 

S.  to  Pearl 
Hanover  Sq.,  from  105 

Pearl  to  Stone 
Hanson    PI.,    2d    av  , 
bet.     E.     124th    and 
125th 
Harlem    River    Drive- 
way,   f'm    W.    155th 
and  Edgecomb  Rd., 
N.    to    Dyckman 
Harrison,  f'm  81  Hud- 
son, W.  to  N.  R. 
Harry     Howard     Sq., 
bet.    Canal,   Walker, 
Baxter  &  Mulberry 
Henry,  f'm  14  Oliver, 

E.   to    Grand 
Herald    Sq.,    betweenj 
B'way,   6th    av.,    tyj 
34th   and  36lh 
Hester,  from  216  Div- 
ision, W.  to  Centre 
Hillside       av.,      from 
Broadway  and  Nac- 
gle  av    to  11th  av. 
Horatio, f'm  129  Green- 
wich,   W.    to    N.    R. 
Howard,   f'm  201  Cen- 
tre,   W.    to    Mercer 
10  Elm 
28  Crosby 
42  Broadway 
Hubert,  f'm  149  Hud- 
son, W.  to  N.   R. 
Hudson,      from      139 
Chambers,      N.      to 
9th  av. 
16  Reade 
28  Duane 
100  Franklin 
206  Canal 
384  W.  Houston 
402  Clarkson 
500  Christopher 
598  8th    av. 

Abingdon  Sq. 
684  W.    14th 
Irving  PI.,  f'm  117  E. 
14th.   X.   to   E.   20th 
14  E.  15th 
30  E.  16th 
50  E.  17th 
64  E.  18th 
78  E.  19th 
Jackson,       from      338 
Henry,    S.   to   E.   R. 
Jackson    Sq.,   8th   av., 
bet.     Horatio      and 
Greenwich  av. 
Jacob,   from   19   Ferry 
to   Frankfort 


James,  from  215  Park 

Row,  S.  to  James  SI. 
James'    Slip,    from   77 

Cherry,  S.  to  E.  R. 
Jane,  from  113  Green- 
wich av.  to  N.  R. 
Jay,  from  61  Hudson, 

W.   to   North   River 
Jeannette    Pk.,    Coen- 

ties    SI.,   bet.    Front 

and  South 
Jefferson,     from      179 

Division,    S.  to  E.R. 
Jefferson  Market,   6th 

av.,   cor    Greenwich 

av. 
Jersey,  f'm  127  Crosby 

E.   to   Mulberry 
John,   f'm   184   B'way, 

E.  to  Pearl 
30  Nassau 

—  Dutch 
68  William 
88  Gold 

—  Cliff 
120  Pearl 

Jones,  f'm  174  W.  4th, 
W.    to    Bleecker 

King,  from  41  Mac* 
dougal,  W.  to  N.  R. 

Kingsbridge  av.,  f'm 
Terrace  View  av.  to 
Spuyten  Duyvil  Ck. 

Kingsbridge  Rd.,  f'm 
Amsterdam  av.  & 
W.  162d,  N.  to  W. 
170th 

Lafayette  st.  from 
Worth   N.   to  8th  st. 

Laight.  from  398  Ca- 
nal, W.  to  N.  R. 

Lenox  av.,  f'm  110th 
N.  to  Harlem  River 

16  W.  111th 
120  W.  116th 
128  W.  120th 
298  W.  125th 
398  W.  130th 
494  W.  135th 
598  W.  140th 
698  \V.  145th 
778   W.   149th 

Leonard,  f'm  92  Hud 
son,  E.  to  Baxter 
36  W.  Broadway 
64  Church 
98  Broadway 
118  Elm 
140  Centre 
Leroy,  f'm  248  Bleeck- 

er,   W.   to    X.    R. 
Lewis,  f'rr    556  Grand, 

N.  to  E.  8th 
Lexington     av.,     from 
121     E.  21st,     N.    to 
Harlem  River 

17  E.  23d 
115  E.  28th 
237  E.  34th 
389  E.  42d 
449  E.  45th 
555  E.  50th 
655  E.  55th 
763  E.  60th 
863  E.  65th 
961  E.  70th 

1055  E.  75th 
1159  E.  80th 
1259  E.  85th 
13J»  F.    90th 


READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


1469  E.  90th 
1565  E.  100th 
1673  E.  105th 
1773  E.  110th 
1857  E.  115th 

E.  120th 

2063  E.  125th 

E.  130th 

Uberty  f'm  76  Maiden 

Lane,  W.  to  N.  R. 
13  William 
51  Nassau 
57  Liberty    PI. 
75  Broadway 

97  Church 
123  Greenwich 
137  Washington 
147  West 

Liberty    PI.,    from    57 

Liberty    to    Maiden 

Lane 
Lispenard,  f'm  151  W. 

B'way  to  B'way 
Little    W.    12th,    from 

Gansevoort  to  N.R. 
Livingston    PL,    from 

325  E.  15th  to  E.  17th 
London  Ter.,  W.  23d, 

bet.  9th  &  10th  avs. 
Long    Acre    Sq.,    bet. 

B'way,  7th  av.  &  W. 

43d 
Ludlow,  f'm  144  Divi- 
sion,     N.      to      E. 

Houston 
Macdougal,    from   219 

Spring,  N.  to  W.  8th. 
70  W.   Houston. 

98  Bleecker 
154  W.  4th 

Washington    Sq. 
—  W.  8th 
Macdougal    Alley,  f'm 
Macdougal.n  8th,  E. 
Madison,      from      426 
Pearl,  E.  to  Grand 
72  Catharine 

224  Jefferson 

384  Jackson 
Madison  av.,  from  29 
E.   23d,   N.   to   Har- 
lem  River 
61  E.  27th 

117  E.  30th 

183  E.  34th 

245  E.  38th 

315  E.  42d 

351  E.  45th 

439  E.  50th 

549  E.  55th 

651  E.  60th 

751  E.  65th 

841  E.  70th 

953  E.  75th 
1047  E.  80th 
1141  E.  85th 
1245  E.  90th 
1351  E.  95th 
1449  E.  100th 
1553  E.  105th 
1647  E.  110th 
1747  E.  115th 
1847  E.  120th 
Mt.    Morris    Park 
1943  E.  125th 
2049  E.  130th 
2149  E.  135th 
Madison   Sq.,  bet.  5th 
and    Madison    avs., 
E.   23d  and   E.  26th 


Madison    Sq.    N.,    E. 
26th,    bet.    5th     and 
Madison    avs. 
Maiden     Lane,     from 
172  B'way  to  E.   R. 
26  Nassau 
62  William 
76  Liberty 
106  Pearl 
134  Water 
144  Front 
168  South 
Mail,  from  Broadway, 
opp.  Park  PL,  E.  to 
Park    Row 
Mangin,       from      590 
Grand,     N.     to     E. 
Houston 
Manhattan,    from    444 
E.  Houston,  N.  to  3d. 
Manhattan    av.,    from 
W.  100th,   bet.  Cen- 
tral   Park,    N.     and 
Columbus  av.,  N.  to 
St.   Nicholas  av. 
Marion,        from       404 

Broome,   N. 
Market,    f'm   61    Divi- 
sion,   S.   to    E.  R. 
Marketfield,     from    72 

Broad,   W. 
Mercer,  f'm  311  Canal, 
N.  to  E.  8th 
14  Howard 
34  Grand 
64  Broome 
100  Spring 
138  Prince 
170  W.   Houston 
210  Bleecker 
246  W.  3d 
260  W.  4th 
274  Washington  PL 
Milligan  PL, 139  6th  av 
Minetta,      from       209 
Bleecker  to  Minetta 
Lane 
Minetta  La.    from  113 
Macdougal     to     6th 
av. 
Mission   PL,   from   58 
Park,    N.   to   Worth 
Mitchell  PL,   E.  49th, 
1st  av.  to   Beekman 
Place. 
Monroe,  f'm  59  Cath- 
arine,   E.    to    Grand 
Montgomery,   f'm    247 
Division,  S.  to  E.R. 
Moore,   f'm  30   Pearl, 

S.  to  East  River 
Morningside    av., 
from  W.  110th,  opp. 
Manhattan    av.,    N. 
to  W.  123d 

—  W.  110th 

—  W.  112th 
10  W.  115th 
17  W.  116th 
29  W.  117th 
39  W.  118th 
60  W.  120th 
78  W.  122d    . 

Morningside  Drive 
from  W.  110th,  Wl 
of  Columbus  av.  to 
122d 
Morningside  Pk.,  bet. 
Morningside  av.,  E. 
&  W.  and  W.  110th 
and    W.    123d 


Morris,  f'm  27  B'way 
W.   to   North  River 
Morton,       from      270 
Bleecker,   W.   to  N. 
R. 
Mott,    from   200   Park 
Row,  N.  to  Bleecker 
82  Canal 
144  Grand 
206  Spring 
292  E.  Houston 
Mt.    Morris    Pk.    W., 
from  W.  130th,  bet. 
5th  and  Lenox  avs., 
to  W.  124th 
1  W.  120th 
10  W.  121st 
18  W.  122d 
30  W.  123d 
38  W.  124th 
Mulberry      from      186 
Park  R'w  to  Bleeck- 

8  Worth 
88  Canal 
150  Grand 
254  Prince 
292  E.  Houston 
Murray,       from       247 
B'way,  W.  to  N.  R. 
29  Church 
61  W.  Broadway 
87  Greenwich 
95  Washington 
111  West 
Nassau,  f'm    20  Wall, 
N.  to  Park  Row 

—  Pine 
26  Cedar 
38  Liberty 

54  Maiden  Lane 
70  John 
90  Fulton 
102  Ann 
136  Beekman 
152  Spruce 
170  Frankfort 
New,  from  7  Wall,  S. 

to  Beaver 
New  Bowery,  f'm  396 
Pearl,    N.    to    Park 
Row 
New  Chambers,  from 
107  Park  Row,  E.  to 
Cherry 
12  William 

—  Pearl 
36  Rose 

52  New  Bowery 

—  Roosevelt 
92  Cherry 

Ninth  av.,  f'm  Ganse- 
voort, N.   to  W.  59th 

—  W.  14th 
122  W.  18th 
206  W.  23d 
350  W.  30th 

—  W.  34th 
580  W.  42d 
740  W.  50th 
840  W.  55th 
924  W.  59th 

Norfolk,  f'm  180  Divi- 
sion, North  to  E. 
Houston 

North  Moore,  f'm  234 
W.  Broadwy,  W.  to 
NortH    "River 

North  William,  from 
16  Frankfort  to 
Park   Row 


Oak,  f'm  392  Pearl,  E. 

to  Catharine. 
Old  SI.,  f'm  106  Pearl, 

S.  to  East  River 
Oliver,    f'm    63    New 
Bowery,  S.  to  E.  R. 
Orchard,  f'm  124  Divi- 
sion,     N.      to      E. 
Houston 
Park,  from  36  Centre, 

E.  to  Mott 

Park  av.,  continuation 

of  4th   av.   from   E. 

34th,   N.   to   H.   R. 

65  E.  38th 

135  E.  42d 

375  E.  53d 

497  E.  59th 

607  E.  65th 

717  E.  70th 

819  E.  75th 

911  E.  80th 

1015  E.  85th 

1115  E.  90th 

1217  E.  95th 

E.  100th 

1407  E.  105th 
1507  E.  110th 
1635  E.  116th 
1711  E.  120th 
1817  E.  125th 
1915  E.  130th 

E.  133d 

Park     PL,     from     237 
Broadway,      W.     to 
North  River 
27  Church 
57  W.    Broadway 
71  Greenwich 
91  Washington 
107  West 
Park  Row,  f'm  1  Ann, 
E.    to   Chatham    Sq. 
34  Beekman 
41  Spruce 
—  Mail 
53  Frankfort 
89  N.    William 

—  Chambers 

107  New   Chambers 
109  Duane 
163  Pearl 

—  Baxter 
187  Roosevelt 
- — ■  Mulberry 
215  Tames 

—  Worth 

—  Mott 

231  New  Bowery 
Pearl,  f'm  14  State,  E. 
and  N.  to  B'way 
24  Whitehall 
52  Broad 

—  William 
152  Wall 

194  Maiden    Lane 
266  Fu'ton 
286  BreVmnn 
348  Franklin     Sq 
396  New    Bowery 

—  Yandewater 

—  William 
464  Park    Row 
512  Centre 
536  Elm 

554  Broadway 

Peck  Sb'p.  from  318 
Pearl,    E.    to   South 

Pelham.  f'm  96  Mon- 
roe, S.  to  Cherry. 


READY   REFERENCE     GUIDE. 


Pell,  f'm  18  Bowery, 
W.  to  Mott 

Perry,  from  55  Green- 
wich av. ,  \Y.  to  N .  R. 

Pike,  from  107  Divi- 
sion,  S.  to   E.   R. 

Pine,  f'm  106  B'way, 
E.  to  East  River 

13  Nassau 
45  William 
79  Pearl 

85  Water 
91  Front 
99  South 

Pitt,  f'm  276  Division 

N.  to  E.  Houston 
Piatt,    f'm    221    Pearl, 

W.   to  William 
Pleasant    av.,    f'm    E. 
100th,  E.  of  1st  av., 
N.  to  Harlem  River 
182  E.  110th 
298  E.  116th 
376  E.  120th 
—  E.  124th 
Prince,   f'm  230  Bow- 
ery, W.  to  Macdou- 
gal 
15  Elizabeth 
59  Elm 
79  Broadway 
145  W.  Broadway. 
180  Sullivan 
Reade,  f'm  22  Duane, 
\Y.  to  North  River 

14  Elm 

42  Broadway 
112  W.  Broadway 
194  West 
Rector,  f'm   73  Broad- 
way, W.  to  N.  R. 
Renwick,      from      o03 
Canal.  N.  to  Spring 
Ridge,  from  254  Divi 
sion,  N   *o  E.  Hous- 
ton 
Riverside  .     from 

W.    72d,       -v.    West 
End    av,     and    12th 
av.,N.tc  Manhattan. 
26  W.   75th 
39  W.  76th 
49  W.  77th 
74  W.  79th 
78  W.  80th 

86  W.  81st 
95  W.  82d 

109  W.  83d 
129  W.  85th 
147  W.  87th 
162  W.  88th 
185  W.  91st 
280  W.  100th 
318  W.  104th 
354  W.  108th 

—  W.  110th 

—  W.  116th 

—  W.  122d 

—  W.  129th 
Riverside      Pk.,      bet. 

Riverside  av.,  Hud- 
son River,  W.  72d 
and  129th 
Rivington,  from  213 
Bowery,  E.  to  E.R. 
67  Allen 

161  Clinton 

267  Columbia 

321  Goerck 

371  East 


Roosevelt,    from     187 
Park     Row,     S.     to 
East   River 
59  New   Chambers 
117  Water 
137  South 
Rose,    from    34  Frank- 
fort,  E.   to   Pearl 
Rutgers,  f'm  26  Canal, 

S.  to   East   River 
Rutherford    PI.,    from 
224    E.    17th,    S.    to 
15th 
St.       Clement's      PI., 
Macdougal,  from  W. 
Houston    to  Bleeck- 
er,     and     Waverley 
PI.  to  8th 
St.     Mark's     PI.,     E. 
8th,  from  3d  av.   to 
Av.   A 
St.   Nicholas  av.,   f'm 
Lenox    av.    and    W. 
110th  to  Amsterdam 
av.  and  W.  161st 
20  Lenox 
54  W.  113th 
110  W.  116th 
218  W.  121st 
222  8th   av. 
258  W.  123d 
276  W.  124th 
336  W.  127th 
400  W.  130th 
490  W.  135th 
694  W.  145th 
796  W.  150th 
900  W.  155th 
970  W.  159th 
St.    Nicholas    PI.,   f'm 
St.    Nicholas    av.    & 
W.  149th,  N.  to  W. 
155th 
St.  Nicholas  Ter.,  f'm 
W.    127th    and     St. 
Nicholas  av.,  to  140th 
Scammel,    f'm    299   E. 
B'way,   S.   to  Water 
Second,    f'm   323  Bow- 
ery, E.  to  Av.   D 

35  2d  av. 
145  Av.  A 
257  Av.  C 

Second  av.,  f'm  118  E. 
Houston,  N.  toHar- 
lem   River 

116  7th 

228  E.  14th 

398  E.  23d 

498  E.  28th 

620  E.  34th 

782  E.  42d 

934  E.  50th 
1138  E.  60th 
1326  E.  70th 
1536  E.  80th 
1730  E.  90th 

E.  100th 

2136  E.  110th 
2238  E.  115th 
2338  E.  120th 
2438  E.  125th 
2498  E.  128th 
Seventh,  from  opp. 
20  4th  av.,  E.  to  E. 
R. 

36  2d  av. 
130  Av.  A 
228  Av.  C 
300  Lewis 


Seventh   av.,   from  74 

Corlears  Hook  Pk. 

Greenwich      av.,      N. 

East  River 

to   Central    Park,    & 

South    William,    from 

from   W.    110th,    N. 

7   William  to  Broad 

to   Harlem   River 

Speedway     (see    Har- 

53 W.  14th 

lem      River     Drive- 

133 W.  18th 

way). 

219  W.  23d 

Spring,   f'm  188  Bow- 

315 W.  28th 

ery,  W.  to  N.  R. 

439  W.  34th 

11  Elizabeth 

599  W.  42d 

45  Mulberry 

759  W.  50th 

—  Elm 

861  W.  55th 

89  Broadway 

941  Central  Pk.  S. 

121  Greene 

Central  Park 

157  W.    Broadway 

1801  W.  110th 

197  Sullivan 

1893  W.  115th 

259  Yarick 

St.  Nicholas  av. 

291  Hudson 

1921  W.  116th 

317  Greenwich 

1999  W.  120th 

353  West 

2039  W.  122d 

Spruce,  from  41  Park 

2089  W.  125th 

Row.    E.    to    Gold 

2161  W.  128th 

Stanton,  f'm  245  Bow- 

2197 W.  130th 

ery,   E.  to  E.  R< 

2299  W.  135th 

73  Allen 

2339  W.  137th 

133  Norfolk 

2413  W.  141st 

221  Pitt 

W.  144th 

Hamilton   Fish   Prk 

W.  149th 

271   Columbia 

W.  155th 

351  Tompkins 

Harlem   River 

State,  from  48  White- 

Sheriff,       from        502 

hall  to  Broadway 

Grand,  N.  to  2d 

1  Whitehall 

Sherman      av.,     from 

18  Pearl 

B'way  and   Elwood, 

23  Bridge 

N.     to     Amsterdam 

30  Bowling   Green 

av.,  and  W.  211th 

Stone,    f'm   13   White- 

Sherman     Sq.,      bet. 

hall  to  Wiiiiam 

B'way,     Amsterdam 

Stuyvesant,  f'm  29  3d 

av.   and   W.  73d 

av.,  E.  to  2d  av. 

Sixth,  f'm  395  Bowery 

14  E.  9th 

E.  to  East  River 

46  E.  10th 

Sixth   av.,    from     Car- 

Stuwesant   Sq.,    bet 

mine,  N.  to  Central 

Rutherford    PI.    and 

Park 

Livingston    PI.,     E 

36  W.  4th 

15th  and  E.  17th 

—  Greenwich   av. 

Suffolk,   f'm  202  Divi- 

130 W.  10th 

sion  to  E.  Houston 

208  W.  14th 

Sullivan,      from       411 

228  W.  15th 

Canal,  N.  to  W.  3d 

248  W.  16th 

21  Grand 

266  W.  17th 

55  Broome 

286  W.  18th 

165  W.  Houston 

298  W.  19th 

205  Bleecker 

—  \V.  20th 

Temple,  from  88  Lib- 

338 W.  21st 

erty,  S.  to  Thames 

356  W.  22d 

Tenth    av.,    from    543 

374  W.  23d 

West,  N.  to  W.  59tk 

412  W.  25th 

56  W.  14th 

462  W.  28th 

220  W.  23d 

536  W.  32d 

312  W.  28th 

Broadway 

574  W.  42d 

612  W.  36th 

634  W.  45th 

Sq.   W.  42d 
792  W.  45th 

828  W.  55th 

888  W.  58th 

886  W.  50th 

Thames,       from       111 

976  W.  55th 

B'way  to  Greenwich 

1052  Central  Pk,  S. 

Third,    f'm    345    Bow- 

South,  f'm  66   White- 

ery, E.  to  E.  R. 

hall,  E.  to  E.  R. 

38  2d  av. 

14  Broad 

142  Av.  A 

58  Wall 

326  Av.  D 

75  Maiden  Lane 

394  Goerck 

93  Fulton 

Third    av.,    continua* 

—  Beekman 

tion   of  Bowery,   N. 

175  Roosevelt 

to    Harlem   River 

187  James    Slip 
221  Market 

45  E.  10th 

123  E.  14th 

286  Clinton 

203  E.  18th 

386  Jackson 

299  E.  23d 

READY   REFERENCE    GUIDE. 


591  £.  28th 
429  E.  30th 
605  E.  34th 
657  E.  42d 
773  E.  48th 
875  E.  53d 
989  E.  59th 
1047  E.  62d 

E.  67th 

1201  E.  70th 
1309  E.  75th 
1409  E.  80th 
1505  E.  85th 
1599  E.  90th 
1693  E.  95th 
1799  E.  100th 
1923  E.  106th 
2001  E.  110th 
2133  E.  116th 
2199  E.  120th 
2297  E.  125th 

E.  130th 

Harlem  River 

Thirteenth    av.,    from 

148  Gansevoort,     N. 
to  W.  30th 
Thomas,       from      317 
B'way,  W.  to  Hud- 
son 
41  Church 
73  W.    Broadway. 
Thompson,    from    395 
Canal,  N.  to  W.  4th 
20  Grand 
82  Spring 
160  W.   Houston 
204  Bleecker 
"-mpkins,    from    606 
Grand,  N.  to  E.  R. 

Tompkins     Sq.,     bet. 

Avs.    A    and    B,    E. 

7th  and  E.   10th 
Trinity     PI.,     from    6 

Morris,    N.    to    Lib- 
erty 
Tryon    Row,    from    1 

Centre,    E.   to   Park 

Row 
Twelfth  av.,   from  ft. 

W.    30th,    N.    to   W. 

i61st 
.  nion    Square,      bet. 

B'way,    4th    av.,    E. 

14th  and  E.  17th 
Union  Square  E.,  4th 

av.  from  E.  14th  to 

E.  17th 
Union     Square      \V\, 

B'way,  from  E.  14th 

to  E.  17th 
University    PI.,    from 

29   Waverley   PI.   to 

E.  14th 
V'andam,  f'm  13  Mac- 

dougal     to      Green- 
wich 
Vanderbilt    av.,    from 

27  E.  42d  to  E.  45th 
Vandewater,    from    54 

Frankfort,      E.      to 

Pearl 
Varick,  f'm  130  Frank- 
lin, N.  to  Carmine 

70  Canal 
108  Broome 
204  W.   Houston 
230  Carmine 


Vesey,     from     B'way, 
opp.  222,  W.  to  N.R. 
30  Church 
66  W.  Broadway 
70  Greenwich 
86  Washington 
110  West 
Vestry,  f'm  428  Canal, 
W.  to  North  River 
26  Hudson 

56  Washington 
Walker,  from  135  W. 

B'way,  E.  to  Canal 
29  Church 
69  Broadway 
93  Elm 
109  Centre 
Wall,  from  86  B'way, 
E.    to   East   River 
7  New 

Nassau 

21  Broad 
51  William 

57  Hanover  Sq. 
75  Pearl 

89  Water 
103  Front 
119  South 
Warren,       from       259 
B'way,   W.   to  N.  R. 
32  Church 
62  W.    Broadway 

96  Greenwich 
106  Washington 

Washington,  from  6 
Battery  PI.,  to  W 
14th 

97  Rector 
145  Cedar 
153  Liberty 

169  Cortlandt 

179  Dey 

191  Fulton 

205  Vesey 

221  Barclay 

239  Park   PI. 

255  Murray 

271  Warren 

285  Chambers 

347  Franklin 

475  Canal 

565  W.   Houston 

647  Chnstopner 

655  W.  10th 

765  W.  12th 

815  Gansevoort 
Washington  PL,  from 

713     Broadway,    W. 
to  Grove 

21  Greene 

35  Wash'ton  Sq.,  E. 

61  Macdougal 

89  6th   av. 

—  Barrow 
Washington   Sq.,   bet. 

Wooster,      Macdou- 
gal,    W.     4th     and 

Waverley   PI. 
Washington     Sq.     E., 

from   43    W.    4th    to 

Waverley  PI. 
Washington    Sq.     N., 

f'm    29    to    89    Wav- 
erley PI. 
Washington     Sq.     S., 

from    54    to    126   W. 

4th 

Washington  Sq.  W., 
from  143  to  165 
Macdougal. 


Water,  f'm  41  White- 
hall,  E.  to  E.  R. 
21  Broad 
113  Wall 
199  Fulton 
321  Roosevelt 
389  Catharine    SI. 
469  Pike 
565  Clinton 
685  Jackson 

—  East 

Watts,    f'm    44    Sulli- 
van, W.  to  N.  R. 
Waverley     PL,     from 
727  B'way,   to   Bank 

23  Greene 

—  Wash'ton  Sq.  E. 

57  5th  av. 
123  6th    av. 

183  W.  10th 

231  W.  Hth 
West,  f'm  12  Battery 
PL,  N.  to  10th  av. 
56  Rector 

102  Liberty 

130  Fulton 
I.Ikt.    Vesey 

147  Barclay 

185  Chambers 

215  Franklin 

271  Desbrosses 

293  Canal 
Mkt.  Spring 

321  Charlton 

342  W.   Houston 

3S7  Christopher 

425  W.  Hth 

485  W.  12th 

533  Gansevoort 

542  10th  av. 

West  Broadway  from 
66     Vesey,      N.     to 
W.    4th 
35  Park    PL 
75  Warren 
93  Chambers 

163  Worth 

205  Franklin 

297  Canal 

331  Grand 

363  Broome 

399  Spring 

439  Prince 

519  Bleecker 

563  W.  3d 
West   End   Av.,    11th 
av.    from    W.    69th 
to  W.  107th 
64  W.  62d 

154  W.  67th 

256  W.  72d 

318  W.  75th 

378  W.  78th 

436  W.  81st 

516  W.  85th 

598  W.  89th 

678  W.  93d 

758  W.  97th 

822  W.  100th 

898  W.  104th 

—  W.  106th 

—  Broadway 

—  W    107th 

W.  Houston,  from  609 
B'way  to   N.   R. 
18  Mercer 
38  Greene 
60  Wooster 
82  W.    Broadway 
148  Macdougal 


236  Varick 
276  Hudson 
310  Greenwich 
328  Washington 
348  West 
West     3d,     from    681 
B'way,  W.  to  6th  av. 
9  Mercer 
29  Greene 

—  Wooster 

57  W.  Broadway 
77  Thompson 

—  Sullivan 
HI  Macdougal 

W.  4th,  f'm  697  B'way. 
W.  to  W.  13th 
11  Mercer 
31  Greene 
43  Wash.  Sq.  E. 

—  Wooster 

—  W.   Broadway 

—  Thompson 

—  Sullivan 

—  Macdougal 
151  6th  av. 

193  Barrow 
231  W.  10th 
281  W.  Hth 
319  W.  12th 
333  8th  av. 

—  Gansevoort 
W.  8th,  f'm  8  5th  av„ 

W.  to   6th   av. 
W.  9th,  f'm  22  5th  av.. 

W.  to  6th  av. 
W.    10th,    f'm    32   6t\ 

av.,  W.  to  N.  R 
71  6th  av. 
127  Greenwich  a* 
153  Waverley   PI 
181  W.    4th 
209  Bleecker 
245  Hudson 
265  Greenwich 
279  Washington 

Weehawken 

307  West 

W.    11th,   from    46   5th 
av.,  W.  to  N.  R. 
77  6th    av. 
167  7th   av. 

Greenwich   av. 

213  Waverley    frh 

253  W.  4th 

285  Bleecker 

297  Hudson 

309  Greenwich 

345  Washington 

375  West 
W.    12th,    from    58  5tV 
av.,  W.  to  N.   R. 
83  6th  av. 

175  7th  av. 

229  Greenwich    av. 

281  W.  4th 

293  8th  av. 

329  Greenwich 

371  Washington 

401  West 
W.   13th,   from   70  5th 
av..  W.  to  N.  R. 
69  6th  av. 

161  7th  av. 

253  Greenwich   av. 

W.  4th 

337  Hudson 
455  10th  av. 

W.    Hth.    from  82  5th 
av.,  W.  to  N.  R. 
101  6th  av. 


READY   REFERENCE    GUlUtu 


201  7th  av. 
301  8th  av. 
401  9th  av. 
501  10th  av. 
601  11th  av. 

—  13th  av. 
North  River 

All  streets  on  the 
West  side  from  14th 
to  58th,  inclusive, 
begin  at  Fifth  av., 
run  to  the  Hudson 
River  and  are  num- 
bered similar  to  W. 
14th,  a  hundred 
numbers  being  used 
on  each  block. 

W.  59th,   from  Grand 

Circle.  W.  to  N.  R. 

359  Columbus    av. 

—  9th  av. 

—  10th   av. 

—  West  End  av. 

—  11th  av. 

W.  60th,  from  1855 
B'way,  W.  to  N.  R. 
101  Columbus  av. 
201  Amsterdam  av. 
301  West  End  av. 
W,  61st,  f'm  Central 
Park  West  to  X.  R. 
1  Central    Pk.  W. 

—  Broadway 

101  Columbus   av. 

201  Amsterdam   av. 

301  West  End  av. 
All  streets  on  the 
West  side  from  W. 
61st  to  W.  109th 
street,  inclusive,  be- 
gin at  Central  Park 
West,  and  are  num- 
bered similar  to  W. 
61st,  a  hundred 
numbers  being  used 
on  each  block. 
.V.  110th  (Cathedral 
Parkway),  f'm  5th 
av.  W.  to  Riverside 
av. 

—  St.  Nicholas  av. 

—  Lenox  av. 

—  7th  av. 

—  8th  av. 

—  Manhattan  av. 

—  Columbus  av. 

—  M'gside   av.    E. 
Morningside   Pk 

—  M'gside  av.  W. 

—  Amsterdam  av. 
547  Broadway 

.V.  111th,  f'm  5th  av., 
W.  to  Riverside  av. 
W.  112th,  f'm  5th  av.. 
W.   to   Riverside  av. 
101    Lenox  0*. 
105  St.  Nicholas  av 
201  7th  av. 
301  8th  av. 
329  Manhattan    av. 

M'g-i.Ie    i'.'.     E. 

Morningsme  Park. 
401  M'gside  av.  W. 
501  Amsterdam  av. 
601  Broadway 


All  streets  from  W. 
112th  to  W.  120th, 
inclusive,  begin  at 
5th  av.,  run  W.  to 
Riverside  av.,  and 
are  numbered  simi- 
lar to  W.  112th 
W.  121st,  from  Mt. 
Morris  Pk.,  W.  to 
Riverside  av. 

101  Lenox  av. 

201  7th  av. 

273  St.  Nicholas  av. 

301  8th  av. 

317  Manhattan   av. 

364  M'gside  av.   E. 

401  M'gside  av.  W. 

501  Amsterdam   av. 

601  Broadway 
W.  122d,  from  Mount 
Morris   Pk.   to   Riv- 
erside av. 
W.  123d,  from  Mount 
Morris  Pk.,  to  Riv- 
erside  av. 
W.  124th,  f'm    2002  5th 

av.,   W.   to    B'way 
W.  125th,   f'm  2020  5th 
av.,    W.    to    Clare- 
mont    av. 

101  Lenox 

201  7th   av. 

301  8th  av. 

335  St.  Nicholas  av. 

401  Columbus    av. 

413  Manhattan    av. 

501  Amsterdam  av. 

501  Broadway 
All  streets  from  W. 
125th  to  W.  143d  be- 
gin at  5th  av.,  run 
W.  to  North  River 
and  are  numbered 
similar  to  W.  125th 
W.  144th,  f'm  Harlem 
River,   W.  to  N.  R. 

101  Lenox  av. 

201  7th  av. 

301  8th  av. 

315  Bradhurst  av. 

411  Hamilton  Ter. 

451  Convent  av. 

501  Amsterdam   av. 

—  Hamilton    PI. 
Cf»l   Broadway 

W.  145th,  f'm  Harlem 
River,   W.   to   N.  R. 
101  Lenox  av. 
201  7th  av. 
301  Sth  av 
317  Bradhurst  av. 
345  Edgecomb    av. 
401  St.  Nicholas  av. 
501  Amsterdam   av. 
501  Amsterdam   av. 
601  Broadway 

—  12th    av. 

All  streets  from  W. 
145th  to  W.  154th, 
beein  at  Harlem 
River  and  run  W. 
to  North  River,  and 
are  numbered  simi- 
lar to  W.  146th 


W.  155th,  f'm  7th  av., 
W.  to  North  River 
201  7th  av. 

—  Macomb's  La. 
301  8th  av. 

—  Bradhurst  av. 
Harlem  R.  Drivew'y 

401  St.    Nicholas  PI 

—  Edgecomb   av. 

• — St.  Nicholas  av. 
501  Amsterdam  av. 
601  Broadway 

W.  156th,  from  921  St. 
Nicholas  av.,   W.  to 
Broadway 
423  St.  Nicholas  av. 

W.  157th,  f'm  Edge- 
comb Rd.,  W.  to 
B'way 

\V.  158th,  f'm  957  St. 
Nicholas  av.,  W.  to 
North    River 
525  Audubon  av. 
601  Broadway 

W. 159th,  from  Edge- 
comb Road,  W.  to 
Broadway 

W.  160th,  from  Edge- 
comb  Road,   W.   to 
485  W.  129th 
Broadway 

W.  161st,  from  2036 
Amsterdam  av.,  W. 
to   Broadway 

W.  162d  from  Edge- 
comb Road,  W.  to 
Amsterdam  av. 

W.  163d,  from  Edge- 
comb  Road,  W.  to 
Amsterdam    av. 

W.  164th,  from  Edge- 
comb Road,  W.  to 
Kingsbridge    Road 

W.  165th,  from  Edge- 
comb Road,  W.  to 
North    River. 

W.  166th,  from  2138 
Amsterdam  av..  W. 
to   Broadway 

W.  167th,  from  Edge- 
comb  Road,  W.  to 
Kingsbridge   Road 

\Y.  16Sth,  from  2178 
Amsterdam  av.,  W. 
to    Broadway 

W.  169th,  from  Am- 
sterdam av.,  W.  to 
Broadway 

W.  170th,  from  Edge- 
comb Road  W.  to 
Ft.    Washington  av. 

\Y.  171st,  from  Am- 
sterdam av.,  W.  to 
B'way 

All  streets  from  W. 
171st  to  W.  190th  be- 
gin at  Amsterdam 
av.  and  run  West 
to   Broadway 

W.  201st,  f'm  Harlem 
River,  W.  to  Am- 
sterdam  av. 

All  streets  from  W. 
201st  to  W.  210th  be- 


gin at  Harlem  Uivefe 

and  run  W.  to  Anv 

sterdam  av 
W.  211th,  f'm  rtarleir 

River,    W.  to  B'vvav 
W.  212th,  f'm  Harlen: 

River,    W.  to  B'way 
W.  213th,  f'm  Harlen 

River,    W.  to  B'way 
W.  214th,  f'm  Harlen 

River,    W.  to  B'way 
W    215th,  f'm  Harlen. 

River,   W    to   B'way 
W.  216th,  f'm  Harlem 

River,    W.  to  B'way 
W.  218th,  f'm  Harlem 

River,  W.  to  Isham 
W.  219th,  f'm  Harlem 

River,  W.  to  Isham 
W.  220th,  f'm  Harlem 

River,    W.    to    Sea- 
man  av. 
White,    from   117    W, 

Broadway,       E.      to 

Baxter 

White's  PI.,  r.  214  W- 

18th. 
Whitehall,       from     2 
Broadway,       S.      to 
East   River 
Willet,  f'm  482  Grand, 

N.  to  E.  Houston 
William,       from      101 
Pearl,    N.E.    to    441 
Pearl 

6  Beaver 
44  Wall 
54  Pine 
64  Cedar 
78  Liberty 
82  Maiden  Lane 
106  John 
140  Fulton 
168  Beekman 
180  Spruce 
206  Frankfort 
—  N.   William 
240  Duane 
244  New    Chambers 
Winthrop  PI.,  Greene 
bet.     Waverley     ?1 
and  E.  8th 
Wooster,  from  355  Ca 
nal,   X.  to  W.  4th 
30  Grand 
54  Broome 
92  Spring 
128  Prince 
166    W.    Houston 
194  Bleecker 
234  W.    3d 
Worth,    f'm    72    Hud 
son,    E.   to    Pk  Rw. 
26  \V.   Broadway 
62  Church 
—  Broadway 
116  Elm 
134  Centre 
York,  f'm  9  St.  John'. 
Lane,    E.    to    Wefi 
Broadway 


C  Longitude  7)°    West      D     from     73  a'  Oreeuwleb  E  73"50 


The^/^o-Al  Mr.  Foster  Map  of  New  York  City 


KEY  TO  HOTEL  MAP 


Ave. 


Ave. 


i.    NATIONAL  OFFICE 
33d   St.   and   Park  Ave. 

2.  COMMODORE 
Convention  Headquarter? 
42d   St.   and   Lexington   Ave. 

3.  BELMONT 

42d    St.    and    Park   Ave. 

4.  MURRAY    HILL 

41st    St.    and    Park   Ave. 

5.  BILTMORE 
43d  St.  and  Vanderbilt 

6.  ROOSEVELT 
45th  St.  and  Vanderbilt 

7.  RITZ-CARLTON 

46th   St.  and   Madison  Ave. 

8.  SH  ELTON 

48th   St.  and   Lexington  Ave. 

9.  LORRAINE 

45th   St.   and   Fifth   Ave. 
!        AMBASSADOR 

5  1st   St.  and   Park  Ave. 

11.  GLADSTONE 

114    East    52d    St. 

12.  VANDERBILT 

33d    St.    and    Park   Ave. 

WALDORF-ASTORIA 

33d    St.    and    Fifth    Ave. 

ST.    REGIS 

55th    St.    and    Fifth    Ave. 

ASTl  >K 

44th   St.   and    Broadway 

M(  ALPIN 

33d    St.   and    Broadway 

[MPERIAL 
32d   St.  and   Broadway 
MARTINIQUE 
$2(\    St.    and    Broadway 
PLAZA 

58th    St.   and    Fifth   Ave. 
.     PENNSYLVANIA 

33d    St.    and    Seventh    Ave. 

21.  PRINCE  GE(  >RGE 

28th    St.    and    Fifth    Ave. 

22.  ALAMAC 
Broadway   and    71st    St. 

23.  ALGONQUIN 

59   West  44th   St. 

24.  BRISTOL 

We  t    48th   St. 

25.  BROZTELL 

3    East   27th    St. 

•LLINGWOOD 
45     West     35th     St. 

27.  DEVON 

70   West    55th    : 

28.  EMBASSY 

way    &    70th    St. 

Fl  IRTY-Fl  >URTH   ST. 

HOT]  I. 
120  West   44th   St. 


30. 
3i- 
32. 

33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 
37- 
38. 
30- 
40. 
4i- 
42. 
43- 
44- 
45- 
46. 
47- 
48. 
49. 
SO. 
51. 
52. 
53- 
54- 
BB- 
58. 


GOTHAM 

5th    Ave.    and    55th    St. 

GRAND 

Broadway    and    31st    St. 

GREAT  NORTHERN 

Il8    We.-t    57th    St. 

GRENOBLE 
7th  Ave.   and   56th   St. 

HARDING 

203   West   54th   St. 

HERMITAGE 

7th    Ave.    and    42d    St. 

LANGDON 

2    Hast   56th   St. 

LAURELTON 
147   West   55th   St. 

LeMARQUIS 
12    East    31st    St. 

LEONORI 

26   East  63d   St. 

MADISON 

15  East  58th  St. 

MATESTIC 

C.    P.    West    .V    72,}    St. 

MANHATTAN 

157    We-t    47th    St. 

MARTHA  WASHINGTON 
29   East    29th    St. 

I' ARK    AVENUE 
Park    Ave.    and    32c!    St. 

SCHUYLER 

59  West   45th    St. 
SEVILLE 

Madison  Ave.   and   20th   St. 

SEYMOUR 

50    We^t    45th    St. 

SOMERSET 

150    West   4.7th    St 

SULGRAVE 

60  East  67th  St. 
TOURAINE 

■  I   East  39th  St. 

WEBSTER 

40   West    45th    St. 

WHITE 

Lexington    Ave.   and   37th    St. 

WOLCOTT 

4    West    31st    St. 

WOODSTOCK 

127    We.-t    43d    St. 
WOODWARD 
Broadway   and    55th    St. 
MAR  IK    ANTOINETTE 
67th    St.    and    Broadway 
THORNDYKE 

208    West    56th    St. 

CHATHAM 

Vanderbilt  Ave.  and  48th  St. 


